Anti-RIG-I/DDX58 antibody

Target data

Innate immune receptor that senses cytoplasmic viral nucleic acids and activates a downstream signaling cascade leading to the production of type I interferons and pro-inflammatory cytokines (PubMed : 15208624, PubMed : 15708988, PubMed : 16125763, PubMed : 16127453, PubMed : 16153868, PubMed : 17190814, PubMed : 18636086, PubMed : 19122199, PubMed : 19211564, PubMed : 24366338, PubMed : 28469175, PubMed : 29117565, PubMed : 31006531, PubMed : 34935440, PubMed : 35263596, PubMed : 36793726). Forms a ribonucleoprotein complex with viral RNAs on which it homooligomerizes to form filaments (PubMed : 15208624, PubMed : 15708988). The homooligomerization allows the recruitment of RNF135 an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that activates and amplifies the RIG-I-mediated antiviral signaling in an RNA length-dependent manner through ubiquitination-dependent and -independent mechanisms (PubMed : 28469175, PubMed : 31006531). Upon activation, associates with mitochondria antiviral signaling protein (MAVS/IPS1) that activates the IKK-related kinases TBK1 and IKBKE which in turn phosphorylate the interferon regulatory factors IRF3 and IRF7, activating transcription of antiviral immunological genes including the IFN-alpha and IFN-beta interferons (PubMed : 28469175, PubMed : 31006531). Ligands include 5'-triphosphorylated ssRNAs and dsRNAs but also short dsRNAs (<1 kb in length) (PubMed : 15208624, PubMed : 15708988, PubMed : 19576794, PubMed : 19609254, PubMed : 21742966). In addition to the 5'-triphosphate moiety, blunt-end base pairing at the 5'-end of the RNA is very essential (PubMed : 15208624, PubMed : 15708988, PubMed : 19576794, PubMed : 19609254, PubMed : 21742966). Overhangs at the non-triphosphorylated end of the dsRNA RNA have no major impact on its activity (PubMed : 15208624, PubMed : 15708988, PubMed : 19576794, PubMed : 19609254, PubMed : 21742966). A 3'overhang at the 5'triphosphate end decreases and any 5'overhang at the 5' triphosphate end abolishes its activity (PubMed : 15208624, PubMed : 15708988, PubMed : 19576794, PubMed : 19609254, PubMed : 21742966). Detects both positive and negative strand RNA viruses including members of the families Paramyxoviridae : Human respiratory syncytial virus and measles virus (MeV), Rhabdoviridae : vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), Orthomyxoviridae : influenza A and B virus, Flaviviridae : Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), dengue virus (DENV) and west Nile virus (WNV) (PubMed : 21616437, PubMed : 21884169). It also detects rotaviruses and reoviruses (PubMed : 21616437, PubMed : 21884169). Detects and binds to SARS-CoV-2 RNAs which is inhibited by m6A RNA modifications (Ref.74). Also involved in antiviral signaling in response to viruses containing a dsDNA genome such as Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) (PubMed : 19631370). Detects dsRNA produced from non-self dsDNA by RNA polymerase III, such as Epstein-Barr virus-encoded RNAs (EBERs). May play important roles in granulocyte production and differentiation, bacterial phagocytosis and in the regulation of cell migration.