Phospho RNA polymerase II CTD repeat YSPTSPS antibody pS5 ab5131 is a rabbit polyclonal antibody that is used in RNA polymerase II CTD repeat YSPTSPS western blotting, IHC and immunofluorescence. Suitable for human, mouse and rat samples.
- Tried and trusted by researchers since 2005
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- Cancers 15:2023EWSR1::ATF1 Orchestrates the Clear Cell Sarcoma Transcriptome in Human Tumors and a Mouse Genetic Model.Applications:Unspecified applicationReactive species:Unspecified reactive speciesBenjamin B Ozenberger,Li Li,Emily R Wilson,Alexander J Lazar,Jared J Barrott,Kevin B JonesPubMed 38136296
- Journal of translational medicine 21:7162023Dissecting transcription of the 8q24-MYC locus in prostate cancer recognizes the equilibration between androgen receptor direct and indirect dual-functions.Applications:Unspecified applicationReactive species:Unspecified reactive speciesJu Guo,Zhao Wei,Tianwei Jia,Liyang Wang,Nuosu Nama,Jiaqian Liang,Xinghua Liao,Xiaming Liu,Yanfei Gao,Xiaoqiang Liu,Keshan Wang,Bin Fu,Shaoyong Shawn ChenPubMed 37828515
- Cell reports 42:1125052023Regulatory architecture of housekeeping genes is driven by promoter assemblies.Applications:Unspecified applicationReactive species:Unspecified reactive speciesMarion Dejosez,Alessandra Dall'Agnese,Mahesh Ramamoorthy,Jesse Platt,Xing Yin,Megan Hogan,Ran Brosh,Abraham S Weintraub,Denes Hnisz,Brian J Abraham,Richard A Young,Thomas P ZwakaPubMed 37182209
- Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids 32:637-6492023Streamlined DNA-encoded small molecule library screening and validation for the discovery of novel chemotypes targeting BET proteins.Applications:Unspecified applicationReactive species:Unspecified reactive speciesSeoyeon Jeong,Hwa-Ryeon Kim,June-Ha Shin,Min-Hee Son,In-Hyun Lee,Jae-Seok RoePubMed 37207130
- Cell death & disease 14:2452023CMTR1 promotes colorectal cancer cell growth and immune evasion by transcriptionally regulating STAT3.Applications:Unspecified applicationReactive species:Unspecified reactive speciesA-Bin You,Hu Yang,Chun-Ping Lai,Wen Lei,Lu Yang,Jia-Lin Lin,Shun-Cui Liu,Nan Ding,Feng YePubMed 37024465
- Cell reports 42:1123412023PYHIN protein IFI207 regulates cytokine transcription and IRF7 and contributes to the establishment of K. pneumoniae infection.Applications:Unspecified applicationReactive species:Unspecified reactive speciesMarcin Baran,Claudia Feriotti,Aoife McGinley,Simon R Carlile,Zhaozhao Jiang,Ricardo Calderon-Gonzalez,Amy Dumigan,Joana Sá-Pessoa,Caroline E Sutton,Jay Kearney,Rachel M McLoughlin,Kingston H G Mills,Katherine A Fitzgerald,Jose A Bengeochea,Andrew G BowiePubMed 37018072
- Nucleic acids research 51:4341-43622023Excessive transcription-replication conflicts are a vulnerability of BRCA1-mutant cancers.Applications:Unspecified applicationReactive species:Unspecified reactive speciesParasvi S Patel,Arash Algouneh,Rehna Krishnan,John J Reynolds,Kevin C J Nixon,Jun Hao,Jihoon Lee,Yue Feng,Chehronai Fozil,Mia Stanic,Talya Yerlici,Peiran Su,Fraser Soares,Elisabeth Liedtke,Gil Prive,Gary D Baider,Miquel Angel Pujana,Karim Mekhail,Housheng Hansen He,Anne Hakem,Grant S Stewart,Razqallah HakemPubMed 36928661
- Genome research 33:332-3452023The impact of SWI/SNF and NuRD inactivation on gene expression is tightly coupled with levels of RNA polymerase II occupancy at promoters.Applications:Unspecified applicationReactive species:Unspecified reactive speciesSachin Pundhir,Jinyu Su,Marta Tapia,Anne Meldgaard Hansen,James Seymour Haile,Klaus Hansen,Bo Torben PorsePubMed 36927987
- Cell reports 42:1122572023Chromatin profiling identifies transcriptional readthrough as a conserved mechanism for piRNA biogenesis in mosquitoes.Applications:Unspecified applicationReactive species:Unspecified reactive speciesJieqiong Qu,Valerie Betting,Ruben van Iterson,Florence M Kwaschik,Ronald P van RijPubMed 36930642
- Nature plants 9:460-4722023A gene silencing screen uncovers diverse tools for targeted gene repression in Arabidopsis.Applications:Unspecified applicationReactive species:Unspecified reactive speciesMing Wang,Zhenhui Zhong,Javier Gallego-Bartolomé,Zheng Li,Suhua Feng,Hsuan Yu Kuo,Ryan L Kan,Hoiyan Lam,John Curtis Richey,Linli Tang,Jessica Zhou,Mukun Liu,Yasaman Jami-Alahmadi,James Wohlschlegel,Steven E JacobsenPubMed 36879017
Key facts
- Isotype
IgG
- Host species
Rabbit
- Storage buffer
pH: 7.4
Preservative: 0.02% Sodium azide
Constituents: 98.98% PBS, 1% BSA- Form
Liquid
- Clonality
Polyclonal
Immunogen
- The exact immunogen used to generate this antibody is proprietary information.
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Reactivity data
Select an application| IP | ChIP | ELISA | WB | IHC-P | ICC/IF | IHC - Wmt | IHC-Fr | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Human | Expected | Tested | Expected | Tested | Expected | Tested | Expected | Expected |
| Mouse | Expected | Expected | Expected | Expected | Expected | Expected | Expected | Expected |
| Rat | Expected | Expected | Expected | Expected | Expected | Expected | Expected | Expected |
| Arabidopsis thaliana | Expected | Expected | Expected | Expected | Expected | Expected | Expected | Expected |
| Caenorhabditis elegans | Expected | Expected | Expected | Expected | Expected | Expected | Expected | Expected |
| Drosophila melanogaster | Expected | Expected | Expected | Expected | Expected | Expected | Expected | Expected |
| Saccharomyces cerevisiae | Expected | Expected | Expected | Expected | Expected | Expected | Expected | Expected |
| Schizosaccharomyces pombe | Expected | Expected | Expected | Expected | Expected | Expected | Expected | Expected |
| Xenopus laevis | Expected | Expected | Expected | Expected | Expected | Expected | Expected | Expected |
| Zebrafish | Expected | Expected | Expected | Expected | Expected | Expected | Expected | Expected |
IP
ExpectedExpected
| Species | Dilution info | Notes |
|---|---|---|
Species Mouse, Human, Rat, Arabidopsis thaliana, Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila melanogaster, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, Xenopus laevis, Zebrafish | Dilution info Use at an assay dependent concentration. | Notes - |
ChIP
TestedTested
| Species | Dilution info | Notes |
|---|---|---|
Species Human | Dilution info 2 µg for 25 µg chromatin | Notes - |
ExpectedExpected
| Species | Dilution info | Notes |
|---|---|---|
Species Mouse | Dilution info 2 µg for 25 µg chromatin | Notes - |
Species Rat | Dilution info 2 µg for 25 µg chromatin | Notes - |
Species Arabidopsis thaliana | Dilution info 2 µg for 25 µg chromatin | Notes - |
Species Caenorhabditis elegans | Dilution info 2 µg for 25 µg chromatin | Notes - |
Species Drosophila melanogaster | Dilution info 2 µg for 25 µg chromatin | Notes - |
Species Saccharomyces cerevisiae | Dilution info 2 µg for 25 µg chromatin | Notes - |
Species Schizosaccharomyces pombe | Dilution info 2 µg for 25 µg chromatin | Notes - |
Species Xenopus laevis | Dilution info 2 µg for 25 µg chromatin | Notes - |
Species Zebrafish | Dilution info 2 µg for 25 µg chromatin | Notes - |
ELISA
ExpectedExpected
| Species | Dilution info | Notes |
|---|---|---|
Species Human, Mouse, Rat, Arabidopsis thaliana, Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila melanogaster, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, Xenopus laevis, Zebrafish | Dilution info Use at an assay dependent concentration. | Notes - |
WB
TestedTested
| Species | Dilution info | Notes |
|---|---|---|
Species Human | Dilution info 1/1000 | Notes - |
ExpectedExpected
| Species | Dilution info | Notes |
|---|---|---|
Species Xenopus laevis | Dilution info 1/1000 | Notes - |
Species Mouse | Dilution info 1/1000 | Notes - |
Species Rat | Dilution info 1/1000 | Notes - |
Species Arabidopsis thaliana | Dilution info 1/1000 | Notes - |
Species Caenorhabditis elegans | Dilution info 1/1000 | Notes - |
Species Drosophila melanogaster | Dilution info 1/1000 | Notes - |
Species Schizosaccharomyces pombe | Dilution info 1/1000 | Notes - |
Species Zebrafish | Dilution info 1/1000 | Notes - |
Species Saccharomyces cerevisiae | Dilution info 1/1000 | Notes - |
IHC-P
ExpectedExpected
| Species | Dilution info | Notes |
|---|---|---|
Species Rat, Mouse, Xenopus laevis, Drosophila melanogaster, Arabidopsis thaliana, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, Human, Caenorhabditis elegans, Zebrafish | Dilution info Use at an assay dependent concentration. | Notes - |
ICC/IF
TestedTested
| Species | Dilution info | Notes |
|---|---|---|
Species Human | Dilution info 1 µg/mL | Notes - |
ExpectedExpected
| Species | Dilution info | Notes |
|---|---|---|
Species Mouse | Dilution info 1 µg/mL | Notes - |
Species Rat | Dilution info 1 µg/mL | Notes - |
Species Arabidopsis thaliana | Dilution info 1 µg/mL | Notes - |
Species Caenorhabditis elegans | Dilution info 1 µg/mL | Notes - |
Species Drosophila melanogaster | Dilution info 1 µg/mL | Notes - |
Species Saccharomyces cerevisiae | Dilution info 1 µg/mL | Notes - |
Species Schizosaccharomyces pombe | Dilution info 1 µg/mL | Notes - |
Species Xenopus laevis | Dilution info 1 µg/mL | Notes - |
Species Zebrafish | Dilution info 1 µg/mL | Notes - |
IHC - Wmt
ExpectedExpected
| Species | Dilution info | Notes |
|---|---|---|
Species Rat, Mouse, Xenopus laevis, Drosophila melanogaster, Arabidopsis thaliana, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, Human, Caenorhabditis elegans, Zebrafish | Dilution info Use at an assay dependent concentration. | Notes - |
IHC-Fr
ExpectedExpected
| Species | Dilution info | Notes |
|---|---|---|
Species Rat, Mouse, Xenopus laevis, Drosophila melanogaster, Arabidopsis thaliana, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, Human, Caenorhabditis elegans, Zebrafish | Dilution info Use at an assay dependent concentration. | Notes - |
Associated Products
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Target data
Function
Catalytic core component of RNA polymerase II (Pol II), a DNA-dependent RNA polymerase which synthesizes mRNA precursors and many functional non-coding RNAs using the four ribonucleoside triphosphates as substrates (By similarity) (PubMed:23748380, PubMed:27193682, PubMed:30190596, PubMed:9852112). Pol II-mediated transcription cycle proceeds through transcription initiation, transcription elongation and transcription termination stages. During transcription initiation, Pol II pre-initiation complex (PIC) is recruited to DNA promoters, with focused-type promoters containing either the initiator (Inr) element, or the TATA-box found in cell-type specific genes and dispersed-type promoters that often contain hypomethylated CpG islands usually found in housekeeping genes. Once the polymerase has escaped from the promoter it enters the elongation phase during which RNA is actively polymerized, based on complementarity with the template DNA strand. Transcription termination involves the release of the RNA transcript and polymerase from the DNA (By similarity) (PubMed:23748380, PubMed:27193682, PubMed:28108474, PubMed:30190596, PubMed:9852112). Forms Pol II active center together with the second largest subunit POLR2B/RPB2. Appends one nucleotide at a time to the 3' end of the nascent RNA, with POLR2A/RPB1 most likely contributing a Mg(2+)-coordinating DxDGD motif, and POLR2B/RPB2 participating in the coordination of a second Mg(2+) ion and providing lysine residues believed to facilitate Watson-Crick base pairing between the incoming nucleotide and template base. Typically, Mg(2+) ions direct a 5' nucleoside triphosphate to form a phosphodiester bond with the 3' hydroxyl of the preceding nucleotide of the nascent RNA, with the elimination of pyrophosphate. The reversible pyrophosphorolysis can occur at high pyrophosphate concentrations (By similarity) (PubMed:30190596, PubMed:8381534, PubMed:9852112). Can proofread the nascent RNA transcript by means of a 3' -> 5' exonuclease activity. If a ribonucleotide is mis-incorporated, backtracks along the template DNA and cleaves the phosphodiester bond releasing the mis-incorporated 5'-ribonucleotide (By similarity) (PubMed:8381534). Through its unique C-terminal domain (CTD, 52 heptapeptide tandem repeats) serves as a platform for assembly of factors that regulate transcription initiation, elongation and termination. CTD phosphorylation on Ser-5 mediates Pol II promoter escape, whereas phosphorylation on Ser-2 is required for Pol II pause release during transcription elongation and further pre-mRNA processing. Additionally, the regulation of gene expression levels depends on the balance between methylation and acetylation levels of the CTD-lysines. Initiation or early elongation steps of transcription of growth-factor-induced immediate early genes are regulated by the acetylation status of the CTD. Methylation and dimethylation have a repressive effect on target genes expression. Cooperates with mRNA splicing machinery in co-transcriptional 5'-end capping and co-transcriptional splicing of pre-mRNA (By similarity) (PubMed:24207025, PubMed:26124092).RNA-dependent RNA polymerase that catalyzes the extension of a non-coding RNA (ncRNA) at the 3'-end using the four ribonucleoside triphosphates as substrates. An internal ncRNA sequence near the 3'-end serves as a template in a single-round Pol II-mediated RNA polymerization reaction. May decrease the stability of ncRNAs that repress Pol II-mediated gene transcription.(Microbial infection) Acts as an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase when associated with small delta antigen of Hepatitis delta virus, acting both as a replicase and transcriptase for the viral RNA circular genome.
Targets
POLR2A di + tri methyl S5 + phospho S5
Alternative names
POLR2, POLR2, POLR2A, DNA-directed RNA polymerase II subunit RPB1, RNA polymerase II subunit B1, 3'-5' exoribonuclease, DNA-directed RNA polymerase II subunit A, DNA-directed RNA polymerase III largest subunit, RNA-directed RNA polymerase II subunit RPB1
Recommended products
Phospho RNA polymerase II CTD repeat YSPTSPS antibody pS5 ab5131 is a rabbit polyclonal antibody that is used in RNA polymerase II CTD repeat YSPTSPS western blotting, IHC and immunofluorescence. Suitable for human, mouse and rat samples.
- Tried and trusted by researchers since 2005
Key facts
- Isotype
IgG
- Host species
Rabbit
- Storage buffer
pH: 7.4
Preservative: 0.02% Sodium azide
Constituents: 98.98% PBS, 1% BSA- Form
Liquid
- Clonality
Polyclonal
- Immunogens
- The exact immunogen used to generate this antibody is proprietary information.
- Purification technique
Affinity purification Immunogen
- Specificity
This antibody recognises the phosphorylated serine found in the amino acid 5 position of the C-terminal domain repeat YSPTSPS of RNA polymerase II. From Jan 2024, QC testing of replenishment batches of this polyclonal changed. All tested and expected application and reactive species combinations are still covered by our Abcam product promise. However, we no longer test all applications. For more information on a specific batch, please contact our Scientific Support who will be happy to help.
- Concentration
Storage
- Shipped at conditions
Blue Ice
- Appropriate short-term storage duration
1-2 weeks
- Appropriate short-term storage conditions
+4°C
- Appropriate long-term storage conditions
-20°C
- Aliquoting information
Upon delivery aliquot
- Storage information
Avoid freeze / thaw cycle
Notes
Phosphorylation of RNA polymerase II's largest subunit C-terminal domain (CTD) is a key event during mRNA metabolism.
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Supplementary info
This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.
- Activity summary
RNA polymerase II CTD repeat YSPTSPS also known as the C-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II is a critical component of the RNA polymerase II enzyme commonly referred to as pol II. This domain is characterized by the repetitive sequence YSPTSPS which plays a significant role in the regulation of transcription. The mass of RNA polymerase II including its CTD varies but is essential for its function in gene expression. RNA polymerase II with the CTD is expressed in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells where it orchestrates the transcription of DNA into mRNA.
- Biological function summary
RNA polymerase II CTD repeat YSPTSPS is essential for the transcription progression from initiation to termination. It is part of the large RNA polymerase II complex interacting with various transcription factors and enzymes necessary for RNA processing. The phosphorylation state of the CTD particularly on serine residues regulates interactions with splicing machinery and other RNA processing factors. This modulation ensures the coupling between transcription and RNA processing events controlling mRNA synthesis and maturation.
- Pathways
RNA polymerase II CTD repeat YSPTSPS is important in the mRNA synthesis pathway specifically in transcriptional regulation and processing of nascent RNA transcripts. It interacts with proteins such as the transcription factors TFIIH and TFIIB which aid in promoter recognition and open complex formation. The CTD's dynamic phosphorylation pattern allows integration into multiple cellular pathways most importantly connecting transcription with RNA splicing and transport pathways.
- Associated diseases and disorders
Abnormal function or mutations in RNA polymerase II CTD repeat YSPTSPS associate with diseases such as transcription-related syndromes and certain cancers. Deficient CTD phosphorylation can lead to improper mRNA processing resulting in neural developmental disorders. Additionally its interaction with proteins like CDK7 which phosphorylates the CTD links it to tumors where transcriptional dysregulation is a hallmark. Understanding the CTD's role in these diseases provides insight into therapeutic targets and strategies for intervention.
Product promise
Tested
We have tested this species and application combination and it works. It is covered by our product promise.
Expected
We have not tested this specific species and application combination in-house, but expect it will work. It is covered by our product promise.
Predicted
This species and application combination has not been tested, but we predict it will work based on strong homology. However, this combination is not covered by our product promise.
Not recommended
We do not recommend this combination. It is not covered by our product promise.
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7 product images
Murgatroyd et al PLoS One. 2014 Mar 5;9(3):e90277. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090277. eCollection 2014. Fig S2. Reproduced under the Creative Commons license http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ChIP - Anti-RNA polymerase II CTD repeat YSPTSPS (phospho S5) antibody (ab5131)
Chromatin from cultured cells, mouse PVN punches (individual pools formed from groups of 3) or whole hypothalami dissected from fresh brains were cross linked, disrupted by sonification and purified.
The binding of Suz12 to wingless (Wnt1), a beta-catenin dependent developmental regulator and to the RNA polymerase II promoter (RNAPII), a housekeeping gene, served as positive and negative controls, respectively, in these experiments.
Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence - Anti-RNA polymerase II CTD repeat YSPTSPS (phospho S5) antibody (ab5131)
ab5131 staining RNA polymerase II CTD repeat YSPTSPS (phospho S5) in HeLa cells. The cells were fixed with 100% methanol (5 min), permeabilized with 0.1% PBS-Triton X-100 for 5 minutes and then blocked with 1% BSA/10% normal goat serum/0.3M glycine in 0.1% PBS-Tween for 1h. The cells were then incubated overnight at 4°C with ab5131 at 1µg/ml and Anti-alpha Tubulin antibody [DM1A] - Loading Control ab7291, Mouse monoclonal [DM1A] to alpha Tubulin - Loading Control. Cells were then incubated with Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (Alexa Fluor® 488) preadsorbed ab150081, Goat polyclonal Secondary Antibody to Rabbit IgG - H&L (Alexa Fluor® 488), pre-adsorbed at 1/1000 dilution (shown in green) and Goat Anti-Mouse IgG H&L (Alexa Fluor® 594) preadsorbed ab150120, Goat polyclonal Secondary Antibody to Mouse IgG - H&L (Alexa Fluor® 594), pre-adsorbed at 1/1000 dilution (shown in pseudocolour red). Nuclear DNA was labelled with DAPI (shown in blue).
Also suitable in cells fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde (10 min).
Image was acquired with a high-content analyser (Operetta CLS, Perkin Elmer) and a maximum intensity projection of confocal sections is shown.
This image is courtesy of an anonymous customer reviewWestern blot - Anti-RNA polymerase II CTD repeat YSPTSPS (phospho S5) antibody (ab5131)
All lanes: Western blot - Anti-RNA polymerase II CTD repeat YSPTSPS (phospho S5) antibody (ab5131) at 1/5000 dilution
Lane 1: Xenopus laevis whole tissue lysate treated with DMSO for 24 hours
Lane 2: Xenopus laevis whole tissue lysate treated with CDK inhibitor for 24 hours
SecondaryAll lanes: HRP-conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG polyclonal at 1/10000 dilution
Developed using the ECL technique.
Performed under reducing conditions.
Predicted band size: 217 kDa
Observed band size: 240 kDa
Exposure time: 1min
Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence - Anti-RNA polymerase II CTD repeat YSPTSPS (phospho S5) antibody (ab5131)
ICC/IF image of ab5131 stained HeLa(Human epithelial cell line from cervix adenocarcinoma) cells.
The cells were fixed in methanol for 5 minutes, permabilized in TBS-T for 20 minutes and incubated with the antibody (ab5131, 1 μg/ml) for 1 hour at room temperature. 1% BSA / 10% normal goat serum / 0.3M glycine was used to quench auto-fluorescence and block non-specific protein-protein interactions.
The secondary antibody (green) was Alexa Fluor® 488 goat anti-rabbit IgG (H+L) used at a 1/1000 dilution for 1 hour. Alexa Fluor® 594 WGA was used to label plasma membranes (red). DAPI was used to stain the cell nuclei (blue).
Western blot - Anti-RNA polymerase II CTD repeat YSPTSPS (phospho S5) antibody (ab5131)
All lanes: Western blot - Anti-RNA polymerase II CTD repeat YSPTSPS (phospho S5) antibody (ab5131) at 1 µg/mL
Lanes 1, 3, 5 and 7: HeLa (Human epithelial carcinoma cell line) Nuclear Lysate at 20 µg
Lanes 2, 4, 6 and 8: S.cerevisiae (Y190) Whole Cell Lysate at 20 µg
SecondaryAll lanes: Goat polyclonal to Rabbit IgG - H&L - Pre-Adsorbed (HRP) at 1/3000 dilution
Developed using the ECL technique.
Performed under reducing conditions.
Predicted band size: 217 kDa
Exposure time: 30s
Western blot - Anti-RNA polymerase II CTD repeat YSPTSPS (phospho S5) antibody (ab5131)
Lanes 1, 3 and 4: Western blot - Anti-RNA polymerase II CTD repeat YSPTSPS (phospho S5) antibody (ab5131) at 1/500 dilution
Lane 2: Western blot - Anti-RNA polymerase II CTD repeat YSPTSPS (phospho S5) antibody (ab5131) at 1/2000 dilution
All lanes: HeLa nuclear extract at 20 µg
SecondaryAll lanes: Western blot - Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (HRP) (Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (HRP) ab6721) at 1/5000 dilution
Performed under reducing conditions.
Predicted band size: 217 kDa
Observed band size: 250 kDa
Exposure time: 30s
ChIP - Anti-RNA polymerase II CTD repeat YSPTSPS (phospho S5) antibody (ab5131)
Chromatin was prepared from U-2 OS (Human bone osteosarcoma epithelial cell line) cells according to the Abcam X-ChIP protocol.
Cells were fixed with formaldehyde for 10 minutes. The ChIP was performed with 25 μg of chromatin, 2 μg of ab5131 (blue), and 20 μl of Protein A/G sepharose beads. No antibody was added to the beads control (yellow). The immunoprecipitated DNA was quantified on the inactive AFM and F8 promoters, the GAPDH promoter (active) and over the y-Actin gene (active).
Schematic diagram of the y-Actin gene is shown on the top of the figure. Black boxes represent exons and thin lines represent introns. PCR products are depicted as bars under the gene.
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