Rabbit Polyclonal S100 beta antibody. Suitable for WB, IHC-P and reacts with Rat, Mouse, Zebrafish samples. Cited in 110 publications.
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- Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] 72:2073-20882023A suitable model to investigate acute neurological consequences of coronavirus infection.Applications:Unspecified applicationReactive species:Unspecified reactive speciesJordane Pimenta,Bruna Da Silva Oliveira,Anna Luiza Diniz Lima,Caroline Amaral Machado,Larisse De Souza Barbosa Lacerda,Leonardo Rossi,Celso Martins Queiroz-Junior,Luiz Pedro De Souza-Costa,Ana Claudia Santos Pereira Andrade,Matheus Rodrigues Gonçalves,Bárbara Mota,Fernanda Martins Marim,Renato Santana Aguiar,Pedro Pires Goulart Guimarães,Antônio Lúcio Teixeira,Luciene Bruno Vieira,Cristina Guatimosim,Mauro Martins Teixeira,Aline Silva De Miranda,Vivian Vasconcelos CostaPubMed 37837557
- Frontiers in neuroscience 17:11576522023Gliosis, misfolded protein aggregation, and neuronal loss in a guinea pig model of pulmonary tuberculosis.Applications:Unspecified applicationReactive species:Unspecified reactive speciesAmanda S Latham,Charlize E Geer,David F Ackart,Isla K Anderson,Kaley M Vittoria,Brendan K Podell,Randall J Basaraba,Julie A MorenoPubMed 37274195
- Frontiers in cellular neuroscience 17:10945032023Striatal spatial heterogeneity, clustering, and white matter association of GFAP astrocytes in a mouse model of Huntington's disease.Applications:Unspecified applicationReactive species:Unspecified reactive speciesTaylor G Brown,Mackenzie N Thayer,Jillian G VanTreeck,Nicole Zarate,Damyan W Hart,Sarah Heilbronner,Rocio Gomez-PastorPubMed 37187609
- Molecular neurodegeneration 18:122023A Trem2 mouse model without cryptic splicing drives age- and disease-dependent tissue damage and synaptic loss in response to plaques.Applications:Unspecified applicationReactive species:Unspecified reactive speciesKristine M Tran,Shimako Kawauchi,Enikö A Kramár,Narges Rezaie,Heidi Yahan Liang,Jasmine S Sakr,Angela Gomez-Arboledas,Miguel A Arreola,Celia da Cunha,Jimmy Phan,Shuling Wang,Sherilyn Collins,Amber Walker,Kai-Xuan Shi,Jonathan Neumann,Ghassan Filimban,Zechuan Shi,Giedre Milinkeviciute,Dominic I Javonillo,Katelynn Tran,Magdalena Gantuz,Stefania Forner,Vivek Swarup,Andrea J Tenner,Frank M LaFerla,Marcelo A Wood,Ali Mortazavi,Grant R MacGregor,Kim N GreenPubMed 36803190
- Cell discovery 9:162023Adenosine-independent regulation of the sleep-wake cycle by astrocyte activity.Applications:Unspecified applicationReactive species:Unspecified reactive speciesWanling Peng,Xiaotong Liu,Guofen Ma,Zhaofa Wu,Ziyue Wang,Xiang Fei,Meiling Qin,Lizhao Wang,Yulong Li,Siyu Zhang,Min XuPubMed 36746933
- Communications biology 6:402023Diverse but unique astrocytic phenotypes during embryonic stem cell differentiation, culturing and development.Applications:Unspecified applicationReactive species:Unspecified reactive speciesKiara Freitag,Pascale Eede,Andranik Ivanov,Nele Sterczyk,Shirin Schneeberger,Tatiana Borodina,Sascha Sauer,Dieter Beule,Frank L HeppnerPubMed 36639529
- Communications biology 6:182023Early-life exercise primes the murine neural epigenome to facilitate gene expression and hippocampal memory consolidation.Applications:Unspecified applicationReactive species:Unspecified reactive speciesAnthony M Raus,Tyson D Fuller,Nellie E Nelson,David A Valientes,Anita Bayat,Autumn S IvyPubMed 36611093
- Cell reports 42:1119532023Neuronal and astrocytic contributions to Huntington's disease dissected with zinc finger protein transcriptional repressors.Applications:Unspecified applicationReactive species:Unspecified reactive speciesMohitkumar R Gangwani,Joselyn S Soto,Yasaman Jami-Alahmadi,Srushti Tiwari,Riki Kawaguchi,James A Wohlschlegel,Baljit S KhakhPubMed 36640336
- Communications biology 6:102023Adrenergic signalling to astrocytes in anterior cingulate cortex contributes to pain-related aversive memory in rats.Applications:Unspecified applicationReactive species:Unspecified reactive speciesZafar Iqbal,Zhuogui Lei,Aruna S Ramkrishnan,Shu Liu,Mahadi Hasan,Mastura Akter,Yuk Yan Lam,Ying LiPubMed 36604595
- Frontiers in cellular neuroscience 16:9796522022Veteran-derived cerebral organoids display multifaceted pathological defects in studies on Gulf War Illness.Applications:Unspecified applicationReactive species:Unspecified reactive speciesPhilip L Yates,Kendra Case,Xiaohuan Sun,Kimberly Sullivan,Peter W Baas,Liang QiangPubMed 36619675
Key facts
- Isotype
- IgG
- Host species
- Rabbit
- Storage buffer
pH: 7.4
Preservative: 0.02% Sodium azide
Constituents: 98.98% PBS, 1% BSA- Form
- Liquid
- Clonality
- Polyclonal
Immunogen
- The exact immunogen used to generate this antibody is proprietary information.
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Reactivity data
Select an application| WB | IHC-P | ICC/IF | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Human | Predicted | Predicted | Not recommended |
| Mouse | Expected | Tested | Not recommended |
| Rat | Expected | Tested | Not recommended |
| Chinese hamster | Predicted | Predicted | Not recommended |
| Pig | Predicted | Predicted | Not recommended |
| Rabbit | Predicted | Predicted | Not recommended |
| Zebrafish | Predicted | Expected | Not recommended |
WB
ExpectedExpected
| Species | Dilution info | Notes |
|---|---|---|
Species Rat | Dilution info 1 µg/mL | Notes - |
Species Mouse | Dilution info 1 µg/mL | Notes - |
PredictedPredicted
| Species | Dilution info | Notes |
|---|---|---|
Species Rabbit, Human, Pig, Zebrafish, Chinese hamster | Dilution info - | Notes - |
IHC-P
TestedTested
| Species | Dilution info | Notes |
|---|---|---|
Species Mouse | Dilution info 0.1 µg/mL | Notes Perform heat-mediated antigen retrieval with citrate buffer pH 6 before commencing with IHC staining protocol. |
Species Rat | Dilution info 0.1 µg/mL | Notes Perform heat-mediated antigen retrieval with citrate buffer pH 6 before commencing with IHC staining protocol. |
ExpectedExpected
| Species | Dilution info | Notes |
|---|---|---|
Species Zebrafish | Dilution info 0.1 µg/mL | Notes Perform heat-mediated antigen retrieval with citrate buffer pH 6 before commencing with IHC staining protocol. |
PredictedPredicted
| Species | Dilution info | Notes |
|---|---|---|
Species Rabbit, Human, Pig, Chinese hamster | Dilution info - | Notes - |
ICC/IF
Not recommendedNot recommended
| Species | Dilution info | Notes |
|---|---|---|
Species Rat, Mouse, Zebrafish, Rabbit, Human, Pig, Chinese hamster | Dilution info - | Notes - |
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Target data
Function
Small zinc- and- and calcium-binding protein that is highly expressed in astrocytes and constitutes one of the most abundant soluble proteins in brain (PubMed:14621986, PubMed:15823027, PubMed:18949447, PubMed:20351179). Weakly binds calcium but binds zinc very tightly-distinct binding sites with different affinities exist for both ions on each monomer (PubMed:15823027). Physiological concentrations of potassium ion antagonize the binding of both divalent cations, especially affecting high-affinity calcium-binding sites (By similarity). Acts as a neurotrophic factor that promotes astrocytosis and axonal proliferation (By similarity). Involved in innervation of thermogenic adipose tissue by acting as an adipocyte-derived neurotrophic factor that promotes sympathetic innervation of adipose tissue (By similarity). Binds to and initiates the activation of STK38 by releasing autoinhibitory intramolecular interactions within the kinase (By similarity). Interaction with AGER after myocardial infarction may play a role in myocyte apoptosis by activating ERK1/2 and p53/TP53 signaling (PubMed:19910580). Could assist ATAD3A cytoplasmic processing, preventing aggregation and favoring mitochondrial localization (By similarity). May mediate calcium-dependent regulation on many physiological processes by interacting with other proteins, such as TPR-containing proteins, and modulating their activity (By similarity).
Alternative names
Protein S100-B, S-100 protein beta chain, S-100 protein subunit beta, S100 calcium-binding protein B
Recommended products
Rabbit Polyclonal S100 beta antibody. Suitable for WB, IHC-P and reacts with Rat, Mouse, Zebrafish samples. Cited in 110 publications.
Key facts
- Isotype
- IgG
- Host species
- Rabbit
- Storage buffer
pH: 7.4
Preservative: 0.02% Sodium azide
Constituents: 98.98% PBS, 1% BSA- Form
- Liquid
- Clonality
- Polyclonal
- Immunogen
- The exact immunogen used to generate this antibody is proprietary information.
- Purification technique
- Affinity purification Immunogen
- Specificity
From Jan 2024, QC testing of replenishment batches of this polyclonal changed. All tested and expected application and reactive species combinations are still covered by our Abcam product promise. However, we no longer test all applications. For more information on a specific batch, please contact our Scientific Support who will be happy to help. You may also be interested in our alternative recombinant antibody, ab52642.
- Concentration
Storage
- Shipped at conditions
- Blue Ice
- Appropriate short-term storage duration
- 1-2 weeks
- Appropriate short-term storage conditions
- +4°C
- Appropriate long-term storage conditions
- -20°C
- Aliquoting information
- Upon delivery aliquot
- Storage information
- Avoid freeze / thaw cycle
Supplementary info
- This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.
- Activity summary
S100 beta also known as protein S100 is part of the S100 family of proteins characterized by their calcium-binding properties. The S100 beta protein has an approximate molecular mass of 10.7 kDa. This protein is mainly expressed in astrocytes a type of glial cell in the central nervous system. It acts as a marker for astrocytes and is prominently used in astrocyte immunohistochemistry. Additionally it serves as a valuable marker for identifying and studying astrocyte markers because it can highlight the presence of these cells in various contexts.
- Biological function summary
The S100 beta protein participates in several intracellular and extracellular activities influencing cell proliferation and differentiation. It forms dimers and sometimes assembles into larger complexes mediated by the binding of calcium ions which alters its functional state. Within the nervous system S100 beta modulates the dynamics between neurons and glial cells affecting processes such as cell survival and neurite outgrowth. This dual role in both supporting and inhibiting various cellular actions highlights its importance in maintaining neural homeostasis.
- Pathways
S100 beta engages in signaling pathways related to inflammation and stress responses. It works within the MAPK and NF-kB pathways playing roles in cellular responses to oxidative stress. These pathways involve interactions with other proteins like p53 which S100 beta can modulate to influence apoptosis. The regulatory properties of S100 beta in these pathways link it with broader networks affecting cell fate decisions under pathological and physiological conditions.
- Associated diseases and disorders
S100 beta is associated with neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. Elevated levels of S100 beta are often found in Alzheimer's disease where it interacts with proteins like amyloid-beta contributing to neuroinflammation and neurotoxicity. In cancer particularly malignant melanoma S100 beta levels serve as a biomarker for tumor progression. Its interactions with p53 and other regulatory proteins highlight its involvement in oncogenic processes emphasizing its potential as a target for therapeutic intervention in these diseases.
Product promise
Tested
We have tested this species and application combination and it works. It is covered by our product promise.
Expected
We have not tested this specific species and application combination in-house, but expect it will work. It is covered by our product promise.
Predicted
This species and application combination has not been tested, but we predict it will work based on strong homology. However, this combination is not covered by our product promise.
Not recommended
We do not recommend this combination. It is not covered by our product promise.
We are dedicated to supporting your work with high quality reagents and we are here for you every step of the way should you need us.
In the unlikely event of one of our products not working as expected, you are covered by our product promise.
Full details and terms and conditions can be found here:
Terms & Conditions.
5 product images
Image courtesy of Carl Hobbs, King College London, U.K.Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - Anti-S100 beta antibody (ab41548)
ab41548 staining S100 beta in Zebrafish body, showing T/S of spinal cord region by Immunohistochemistry (IHC-P - paraformaldehyde-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections). Tissue was fixed with formaldehyde and blocked with 1% BSA for 10 minutes; antigen retrieval was by heat mediation in citric acid. Samples were incubated with primary antibody (1/10000 in TBS/BSA/azide) for 2 hours at 21°C. A Biotin-conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG polyclonal (1/250) was used as the secondary antibody.
This image is courtesy of a customer review submitted by Carl HobbsImmunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - Anti-S100 beta antibody (ab41548)
ab41548 staining S100 beta in mouse brain tissue sections by Immunohistochemistry (IHC-P - paraformaldehyde-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections). Tissue was fixed with formaldehyde and blocked with 1% BSA for 10 minutes; antigen retrieval was by heat mediation in citric acid. Samples were incubated with primary antibody (1/10000 in TBS/BSA/azide) for 2 hours at 21°C. A Biotin-conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG polyclonal (1/250) was used as the secondary antibody.
At this dilution factor, there is very good delineation of astrocyte processes.
Western blot - Anti-S100 beta antibody - Astrocyte Marker (ab41548)
S100 beta Western blot staining using rabbit Anti-S100 beta antibody
All lanes: Western blot - Anti-S100 beta antibody - Astrocyte Marker (ab41548) at 1 µg/mL
Lane 1: Brain (Mouse) Tissue Lysate at 10 µg
Lane 2: Brain (Rat) Tissue Lysate at 10 µg
Lane 3: Spinal Cord (Mouse) Tissue Lysate at 10 µg
Lane 4: Spinal Cord (Rat) Tissue Lysate at 10 µg
SecondaryAll lanes: Goat polyclonal to Rabbit IgG - H&L - Pre-Adsorbed (HRP) at 1/3000 dilution
Performed under reducing conditions.
Predicted band size: 10 kDa
Observed band size: 52 kDa, 9 kDa
Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - Anti-S100 beta antibody (ab41548)
IHC image of S100 beta staining in a section of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded normal mouse brain performed on a Leica Biosystems BOND® RX instrument using the standard protocol. The section was pre-treated using heat mediated antigen retrieval with sodium citrate buffer (pH6, epitope retrieval solution 1) for 20mins. The section was then incubated with ab41548, 0.1ug/ml, for 15 mins at room temperature and detected using an HRP conjugated compact polymer system. DAB was used as the chromogen. The section was then counterstained with haematoxylin and mounted with DPX. The inset secondary-only control image is taken from an identical assay without primary antibody.
For other IHC staining systems (automated and non-automated) customers should optimize variable parameters such as antigen retrieval conditions, primary antibody concentration and antibody incubation times.
Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - Anti-S100 beta antibody (ab41548)
IHC image of S100 beta staining in a section of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded normal rat brain performed on a Leica Biosystems BOND® RX instrument using the standard protocol. The section was pre-treated using heat mediated antigen retrieval with sodium citrate buffer (pH6, epitope retrieval solution 1) for 20mins. The section was then incubated with ab41548, 0.1ug/ml, for 15 mins at room temperature and detected using an HRP conjugated compact polymer system. DAB was used as the chromogen. The section was then counterstained with haematoxylin and mounted with DPX. The inset secondary-only control image is taken from an identical assay without primary antibody.
For other IHC staining systems (automated and non-automated) customers should optimize variable parameters such as antigen retrieval conditions, primary antibody concentration and antibody incubation times.
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