Anti-Salmonella LPS antibody [se-01]

Supplementary info

This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.

Activity summary

Salmonella LPS often referred to as lipopolysaccharide is an important component of the outer membrane of Salmonella bacteria. It consists of three main parts: lipid A a core oligosaccharide and an O-antigen polysaccharide. The lipid A portion is known for its endotoxic properties and typically has a mass around 2 kDa. Salmonella LPS is expressed on the surface of Salmonella spp. facilitating the interaction with host cells during infection. Its recognition is pivotal for the innate immune response and is commonly studied in the context of Western blot analysis with anti-Salmonella antibodies.

Biological function summary

Salmonella LPS plays a critical role in bacterial virulence and survival. It is part of the outer membrane layer contributing to the structural integrity of the bacterium and protecting against hostile environmental conditions. Additionally LPS is important in the formation of biofilms enabling the bacteria to adhere to surfaces and resist antimicrobial agents. The molecule also forms complexes with proteins on the host's immune cells triggering strong immune reactions. The interactions often lead to inflammatory responses via cytokine release making it an important player in immune modulation.

Pathways

The functions of Salmonella LPS are notably involved in the toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathway and the NF-kappa B pathway. In the TLR pathway LPS binds to TLR4 on immune cells activating downstream signaling that leads to the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The NF-kappa B pathway gets activated as a consequence further amplifying the immune response. Proteins like MyD88 and TRIF are closely related to Salmonella LPS in these pathways as they serve as intermediaries in signal transduction.

Associated diseases and disorders

Salmonella LPS is linked to conditions like septic shock and gastroenteritis. The endotoxin property of the lipid A component can lead to severe inflammatory responses which might cause septic shock when the bacterial infection becomes systemic. Salmonella LPS also plays a role in gastroenteritis a result of inflammation of the stomach and intestines primarily caused by infection. It interacts with immune receptors like TLR4 and CD14 which modulate the inflammatory response that ultimately contributes to the disease pathology.