Anti-Salmonella typhi antibody [AC04]

Supplementary info

This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.

Activity summary

Salmonella typhi also known as S. typhi is a Gram-negative flagellated bacterium with a rod-shaped structure. This pathogen is primarily responsible for causing typhoid fever in humans. It possesses a lipopolysaccharide layer which plays an important role in its virulence and its size typically falls around 0.7 to 1.5 micrometers in diameter and 2 to 5 micrometers in length. It colonizes the guts particularly the small intestine where it invades epithelial cells and can spread to the bloodstream and other tissues.

Biological function summary

S. typhi interacts with host immune cells and survives inside macrophages avoiding the host's immune response. This survival mechanism enables the pathogen to form an intracellular niche. It is often associated with various virulence factors including Vi polysaccharide capsule and type III secretion system. These factors contribute to its ability to evade host defenses and establish an infection. S. typhi does not form part of known protein complexes but the genes responsible for its virulence are critical in its pathogenicity.

Pathways

S. typhi engages in several key host-pathogen interaction pathways. Within these it utilizes the type III secretion system to inject effector proteins into the host cells manipulating host cell processes. Additionally it involves in pathways linked to immune evasion affecting signaling proteins such as cytokines and other immune mediators. Important related proteins include TLR4 and TNF-alpha which play roles in the host immune response against bacterial infection.

Associated diseases and disorders

S. typhi is directly responsible for typhoid fever a systemic illness characterized by prolonged fever and abdominal symptoms. It is uniquely adapted to survive and proliferate in the human host. Chronic carriers of the bacterium can harbor it in the gallbladder potentially leading to gallbladder cancer in rare cases. The pathogen interacts with proteins like IFN-gamma and IL-1beta which are involved in the regulation of immune responses during infection. These interactions complicate treatment and require targeted therapies such as the use of anti-Salmonella and antityphoid vaccines and medications to reduce disease burden.