AB281309

Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein S1 antibody [HL13402] - BSA and Azide free

Recombinant
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Rabbit Recombinant Monoclonal SPIKE antibody. Carrier free. Suitable for ICC/IF, WB, sELISA, I-ELISA and reacts with Transfected cell line - SARS-CoV-2, Transfected cell lysate - SARS-CoV-2, Recombinant fragment - SARS-CoV-2 samples.

View Alternative Names

2, S, Spike glycoprotein, S glycoprotein, E2, Peplomer protein

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Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence - Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein S1 antibody [HL13402] - BSA and Azide free (AB281309)

ICC/IF

Supplier Data

Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence - Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein S1 antibody [HL13402] - BSA and Azide free (AB281309)

Mock and SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Spike transfected 293T (Human epithelial cell line from embryonic kidney transformed with large T antigen) whole cell lysate were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde at room temperature for 15 minutes. SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Spike S1 stained (green) by ab281309 at 1/1000 dilution in immunocytochemical analysis. Fluoroshield with DAPI (blue).

Sandwich ELISA - Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein S1 antibody [HL13402] - BSA and Azide free (AB281309)

sELISA

Supplier Data

Sandwich ELISA - Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein S1 antibody [HL13402] - BSA and Azide free (AB281309)

Sandwich ELISA detection of recombinant full-length SARS-CoV-2 spike (trimer) protein using SARS-CoV / SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) spike antibody as capture antibody at concentration of 5 μg/mL and ab281309 as detection antibody at concentration of 1 μg/mL. HRP-conjugated Rabbit IgG antibody was diluted at 1/10000 dilution and used to detect the primary antibody.

Indirect ELISA - Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein S1 antibody [HL13402] - BSA and Azide free (AB281309)

I-ELISA

Supplier Data

Indirect ELISA - Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein S1 antibody [HL13402] - BSA and Azide free (AB281309)

Indirect ELISA analysis performed by coating plate with recombinant full-length SARS-CoV-2 spike (trimer) protein (50 ng). Coated protein was probed with ab281309 (100-1.19*10^-5 μM). HRP-conjugated Rabbit IgG antibody at 1/10000 dilution was used to detect bound primary antibody.
EC50 : 0.19 μM

I-ELISA

Supplier Data

Indirect ELISA - Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein S1 antibody [HL13402] - BSA and Azide free (AB281309)

Indirect ELISA analysis performed by coating plate with recombinant full-length SARS-CoV-2 spike (trimer) protein (4000-62.5 ng/mL). Coated protein was probed with ab281309 at 1 μg/mL. HRP-conjugated Rabbit IgG antibody at 1/10000 dilution was used to detect bound primary antibody.

Supplier Data

Western blot - Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein S1 antibody [HL13402] - BSA and Azide free (AB281309)

5% SDS-PAGE

All lanes:

Western blot - Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein S1 antibody [HL13402] - BSA and Azide free (ab281309) at 1/5000 dilution

Lane 1:

Non-transfected Vero E6 whole cell extract at 30 µg

Lane 2:

SARS-CoV-2 Spike transfected Vero E6 whole cell extract at 30 µg

Secondary

All lanes:

HRP-conjugated anti-rabbit IgG antibody

false

Supplier Data

Western blot - Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein S1 antibody [HL13402] - BSA and Azide free (AB281309)

5% SDS-PAGE

All lanes:

Western blot - Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein S1 antibody [HL13402] - BSA and Azide free (ab281309) at 1/5000 dilution

Lane 1:

293T (Human epithelial cell line from embryonic kidney transformed with large T antigen) whole cell extract at 30 µg

Lane 2:

SARS-CoV-2 Spike transfected 293T whole cell extract at 30 µg

Secondary

All lanes:

HRP-conjugated anti-rabbit IgG antibody

false

Supplier Data

Western blot - Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein S1 antibody [HL13402] - BSA and Azide free (AB281309)

5% SDS-PAGE

Lane 1:

Non-transfected HEK-293T (Human epithelial cell line from embryonic kidney transformed with large T antigen) whole cell extract at 30 µg

Lane 2:

SARS-CoV Spike transfected HEK293T whole cell extract at 30 µg

Lane 3:

SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Spike transfected HEK293T whole cell extract at 30 µg

Lane 4:

MERS-CoV Spike transfected HEK293T whole cell extract at 30 µg

Secondary

All lanes:

HRP-conjugated anti-rabbit IgG antibody

false

Key facts

Host species

Rabbit

Clonality

Monoclonal

Clone number

HL13402

Isotype

IgG

Carrier free

Yes

Reacts with

SARS-CoV-2

Applications

WB, I-ELISA, ICC/IF, sELISA

applications

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Reactivity data

{ "title": "Reactivity Data", "filters": { "stats": ["", "Species", "Dilution Info", "Notes"], "tabs": { "all-applications": {"fullname" : "All Applications", "shortname": "All Applications"}, "ICCIF" : {"fullname" : "Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence", "shortname":"ICC/IF"}, "WB" : {"fullname" : "Western blot", "shortname":"WB"}, "sELISA" : {"fullname" : "Sandwich ELISA", "shortname":"sELISA"}, "IELISA" : {"fullname" : "Indirect ELISA", "shortname":"I-ELISA"} }, "product-promise": { "all": "all", "testedAndGuaranteed": "tested", "guaranteed": "expected", "predicted": "predicted", "notRecommended": "not-recommended" } }, "values": { "Recombinant fragment - SARS-CoV-2": { "ICCIF-species-checked": "notRecommended", "ICCIF-species-dilution-info": "", "ICCIF-species-notes": "", "WB-species-checked": "notRecommended", "WB-species-dilution-info": "", "WB-species-notes": "", "sELISA-species-checked": "testedAndGuaranteed", "sELISA-species-dilution-info": "1 µg/mL", "sELISA-species-notes": "", "IELISA-species-checked": "testedAndGuaranteed", "IELISA-species-dilution-info": "1 µg/mL", "IELISA-species-notes": "" }, "SARS-CoV-2": { "ICCIF-species-checked": "predicted", "ICCIF-species-dilution-info": "", "ICCIF-species-notes": "", "WB-species-checked": "predicted", "WB-species-dilution-info": "", "WB-species-notes": "", "sELISA-species-checked": "predicted", "sELISA-species-dilution-info": "", "sELISA-species-notes": "", "IELISA-species-checked": "predicted", "IELISA-species-dilution-info": "", "IELISA-species-notes": "" }, "Transfected cell line - SARS-CoV-2": { "ICCIF-species-checked": "testedAndGuaranteed", "ICCIF-species-dilution-info": "1/1000", "ICCIF-species-notes": "", "WB-species-checked": "notRecommended", "WB-species-dilution-info": "", "WB-species-notes": "", "sELISA-species-checked": "notRecommended", "sELISA-species-dilution-info": "", "sELISA-species-notes": "", "IELISA-species-checked": "notRecommended", "IELISA-species-dilution-info": "", "IELISA-species-notes": "" }, "Transfected cell lysate - SARS-CoV-2": { "ICCIF-species-checked": "notRecommended", "ICCIF-species-dilution-info": "", "ICCIF-species-notes": "", "WB-species-checked": "testedAndGuaranteed", "WB-species-dilution-info": "1/1000 - 1/10000", "WB-species-notes": "", "sELISA-species-checked": "notRecommended", "sELISA-species-dilution-info": "", "sELISA-species-notes": "", "IELISA-species-checked": "notRecommended", "IELISA-species-dilution-info": "", "IELISA-species-notes": "" } } }

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Properties and storage information

Form

Liquid

Purification technique

Affinity purification Protein A

Storage buffer

pH: 7.4 Constituents: 100% PBS

Shipped at conditions

Blue Ice

Appropriate short-term storage conditions

+4°C

Appropriate long-term storage conditions

+4°C

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Supplementary information

This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.

The SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein S1 also known as the G10 spike or glycoprotein spike plays an important role in allowing the virus to attach and enter host cells. This protein with a mass of approximately 180 kDa is located on the surface of the virus and forms the outer spikes observed in coronaviruses. Expression of the spike glycoprotein is in virus-infected cells where it facilitates the interaction with host cell receptors. The S1 subunit includes a receptor-binding domain that specifically binds to the human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors initiating the infection process.

Biological function summary

The spike glycoprotein S1 mediates the fusion of the viral and cellular membranes which is necessary for viral entry. It forms part of a larger trimeric complex comprising S1 and S2 subunits. This complex undergoes conformational changes that drive the membrane fusion process. The glycoprotein contains multiple glycosylation sites which help shield the virus from the host immune response. The proper function and presentation of this glycoprotein are critical for efficient viral spread and infection establishment.

Pathways

The spike glycoprotein S1 is integral to the viral infection pathway and host immune evasion. It interacts with the renin-angiotensin system by binding to the ACE2 receptor disrupting normal receptor activity. This interaction not only facilitates viral entry but also impacts the homeostatic functions typically mediated by ACE2 which include blood pressure regulation. Additionally the spike protein is involved in downstream activation of immune signaling pathways including those related to inflammation and cytokine production which may involve proteins such as IL-6.

Infection with the spike glycoprotein S1 is directly related to COVID-19. The binding to ACE2 receptors is linked to the pathology of the disease contributing to respiratory symptoms and in severe cases acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Through the IL-6 signaling pathway the spike protein is indirectly connected to cytokine release syndrome often observed in severe COVID-19 cases. This connection highlights the importance of targeting this glycoprotein for potential therapeutic interventions and diagnostics such as ELISA SARS-CoV-2 tests and the development of anti-spike antibodies available on platforms like antispark.com for research and clinical purposes.

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Product protocols

For this product, it's our understanding that no specific protocols are required. You can visit:

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Target data

Spike protein S1. Attaches the virion to the cell membrane by interacting with host receptor, initiating the infection. The major receptor is host ACE2 (PubMed : 32142651, PubMed : 32155444, PubMed : 33607086). When S2/S2' has been cleaved, binding to the receptor triggers direct fusion at the cell membrane (PubMed : 34561887). When S2/S2' has not been cleaved, binding to the receptor results in internalization of the virus by endocytosis leading to fusion of the virion membrane with the host endosomal membrane (PubMed : 32075877, PubMed : 32221306). Alternatively, may use NRP1/NRP2 (PubMed : 33082294, PubMed : 33082293) and integrin as entry receptors (PubMed : 35150743). The use of NRP1/NRP2 receptors may explain the tropism of the virus in human olfactory epithelial cells, which express these molecules at high levels but ACE2 at low levels (PubMed : 33082293). The stalk domain of S contains three hinges, giving the head unexpected orientational freedom (PubMed : 32817270).. Spike protein S2. Precursor of the fusion protein processed in the biosynthesis of the S protein and the formation of virus particle. Mediates fusion of the virion and cellular membranes by functioning as a class I viral fusion protein. Contains two viral fusion peptides that are unmasked after cleavage. The S2/S2' cleavage occurs during virus entry at the cell membrane by host TMPRSS2 (PubMed : 32142651) or during endocytosis by host CSTL (PubMed : 32703818, PubMed : 34159616). In either case, this triggers an extensive and irreversible conformational change leading to fusion of the viral envelope with the cellular cytoplasmic membrane, releasing viral genomic RNA into the host cell cytoplasm (PubMed : 34561887). Under the current model, the protein has at least three conformational states : pre-fusion native state, pre-hairpin intermediate state, and post-fusion hairpin state. During fusion of the viral and target cell membranes, the coiled coil regions (heptad repeats) adopt a trimer-of-hairpins structure and position the fusion peptide in close proximity to the C-terminal region of the ectodomain. Formation of this structure appears to promote apposition and subsequent fusion of viral and target cell membranes.. Spike protein S2'. Subunit of the fusion protein that is processed upon entry into the host cell. Mediates fusion of the virion and cellular membranes by functioning as a class I viral fusion protein. Contains a viral fusion peptide that is unmasked after S2 cleavage. This cleavage can occur at the cell membrane by host TMPRSS2 or during endocytosis by host CSTL (PubMed : 32703818, PubMed : 34159616). In either case, this triggers an extensive and irreversible conformational change that leads to fusion of the viral envelope with the cellular cytoplasmic membrane, releasing viral genomic RNA into the host cell cytoplasm (PubMed : 34561887). Under the current model, the protein has at least three conformational states : pre-fusion native state, pre-hairpin intermediate state, and post-fusion hairpin state. During fusion of the viral and target cell membranes, the coiled coil regions (heptad repeats) adopt a trimer-of-hairpins structure and position the fusion peptide in close proximity to the C-terminal region of the ectodomain. Formation of this structure appears to promote apposition and subsequent fusion of viral and target cell membranes.

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Product promise

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Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein S1 antibody [HL13402] - BSA and Azide free

Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence - Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein S1 antibody [HL13402] - BSA and Azide free (AB281309)

Sandwich ELISA - Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein S1 antibody [HL13402] - BSA and Azide free (AB281309)

Indirect ELISA - Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein S1 antibody [HL13402] - BSA and Azide free (AB281309)

Indirect ELISA - Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein S1 antibody [HL13402] - BSA and Azide free (AB281309)

Western blot - Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein S1 antibody [HL13402] - BSA and Azide free (AB281309)

Western blot - Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein S1 antibody [HL13402] - BSA and Azide free (AB281309)

Western blot - Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein S1 antibody [HL13402] - BSA and Azide free (AB281309)

Key facts

Host species

Clonality

Clone number

Isotype

Carrier free

Reacts with

Applications

Reactivity data

Properties and storage information

Form

Purification technique

Storage buffer

Shipped at conditions

Appropriate short-term storage conditions

Appropriate long-term storage conditions

Supplementary information

Biological function summary

Pathways

Product protocols

Target data

Complementary Products

Assay Kits

Primary Antibodies

Secondary Antibodies

Primary Antibodies

Primary Antibodies

Product promise