Anti-Selenophosphate synthetase 2 antibody

Supplementary info

Activity summary

Selenophosphate synthetase 2 (SPS2) also known as SEPHS2 plays a pivotal role in selenium metabolism by synthesizing selenophosphate from selenide and ATP. This reaction is vital for the synthesis of selenocysteine the 21st amino acid incorporated into various selenoproteins. SPS2 is a 47 kDa protein expressed broadly with notable presence in tissues such as liver kidney and brain reflecting the need for selenium in these organs. Its activity aligns with the body's demand for selenium an important dietary trace element involved in various biological processes.

Biological function summary

SPS2 serves as an important enzyme in the selenoprotein biosynthesis pathway enabling the construction of selenophosphate which is then utilized for selenocysteine formation in selenoproteins. These proteins are integral to oxidative stress defense and redox homeostasis. While SPS2 itself is not part of a larger protein complex its function strongly influences the activity and formation of several selenoproteins each requiring selenium for their catalytic efficiency and structural integrity.

Pathways

SPS2 is critical for the selenocysteine biosynthesis pathway. This pathway directly impacts protein translation mechanisms that incorporate selenocysteine into selenoproteins distinguishing selenoproteins from other proteins. SPS2 is involved in this pathway alongside other key proteins such as selenocysteine synthase and selenocysteine-specific elongation factor. SPS2's role in this pathway highlights its importance in maintaining cellular redox states and combating oxidative stress.

Associated diseases and disorders

SPS2 demonstrates relevance to disorders like Kashin-Beck disease and certain types of cancer where selenium metabolism imbalances are implicated. The protein's function affects the stability and synthesis of selenoproteins like glutathione peroxidase and thioredoxin reductase which are known for their role in antioxidative defenses. Any disruption in SPS2 expression or function can lead to oxidative stress-related tissue damage highlighting its significance in maintaining cellular health and preventing disease progression.