Anti-Staphylococcus Enterotoxin A antibody [SA01]

Supplementary info

This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.

Activity summary

Staphylococcus Enterotoxin A (SEA) also known simply as Enterotoxin A is one of the key virulence factors produced by the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus. This protein is classified as an enterotoxin and has a molecular mass of approximately 27 kDa. SEA is endogenously expressed by Staphylococcus aureus and it is known to exert its effects in the human gastrointestinal tract by binding to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules thereby activating T-cells.

Biological function summary

The function of SEA involves triggering a strong immune response through its role as a superantigen. Enterotoxins such as SEA can bypass the conventional antigen presentation pathway leading to massive cytokine release. This protein can provoke a large-scale activation of T-cells not through specific antigen binding but rather through cross-linking of MHC class II molecules and T-cell receptors. SEA does not typically form complexes with other proteins as its main mechanism of action relies on interaction with cell surface receptors.

Pathways

SEA integrates into the immune response pathway by inducing excessive cytokine production contributing to inflammation. It plays a notable role in the cytokine signaling pathway causing unregulated production of inflammatory cytokines. This interferes with normal immune system function leading to toxic shock syndrome in severe cases. SEA also has a connection with other enterotoxins produced by Staphylococcus aureus such as Enterotoxin B through its role in stimulating immune responses.

Associated diseases and disorders

SEA is associated with food poisoning and toxic shock syndrome. Food poisoning arises from the ingestion of food contaminated with SEA leading to nausea vomiting and diarrhea. Toxic shock syndrome occurs when SEA enters the bloodstream causing systemic inflammation and acute symptoms. SEA has an indirect relationship with other staphylococcal toxins as they share similar pathways in disease progression including Enterotoxin B which also contributes to toxic shock syndrome.