Rabbit Recombinant Monoclonal STING antibody. Suitable for IP, WB, ICC/IF, Flow Cyt (Intra), IHC-P and reacts with Human samples. Cited in 4 publications.
IgG
Rabbit
pH: 7.2 - 7.4
Preservative: 0.01% Sodium azide
Constituents: PBS, 40% Glycerol (glycerin, glycerine), 0.05% BSA
Liquid
Monoclonal
IP | WB | ICC/IF | Flow Cyt (Intra) | IHC-P | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Human | Tested | Tested | Tested | Tested | Tested |
Species | Dilution info | Notes |
---|---|---|
Species Human | Dilution info 1/500 | Notes Perform heat-mediated antigen retrieval with Tris/EDTA buffer pH 9.0 before commencing with IHC staining protocol. |
Species | Dilution info | Notes |
---|---|---|
Species Human | Dilution info 1/1000 | Notes - |
Species | Dilution info | Notes |
---|---|---|
Species Human | Dilution info 1/100 | Notes - |
Species | Dilution info | Notes |
---|---|---|
Species Human | Dilution info 1/500 | Notes - |
Species | Dilution info | Notes |
---|---|---|
Species Human | Dilution info 1/4000 | Notes Perform heat-mediated antigen retrieval with Tris/EDTA buffer pH 9.0 before commencing with IHC staining protocol. |
Select an associated product type
Facilitator of innate immune signaling that acts as a sensor of cytosolic DNA from bacteria and viruses and promotes the production of type I interferon (IFN-alpha and IFN-beta) (PubMed:18724357, PubMed:18818105, PubMed:19433799, PubMed:19776740, PubMed:23027953, PubMed:23910378, PubMed:23747010, PubMed:30842659). Innate immune response is triggered in response to non-CpG double-stranded DNA from viruses and bacteria delivered to the cytoplasm (PubMed:26300263). Acts by binding cyclic dinucleotides: recognizes and binds cyclic di-GMP (c-di-GMP), a second messenger produced by bacteria, and cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP), a messenger produced by CGAS in response to DNA virus in the cytosol (PubMed:21947006, PubMed:23258412, PubMed:23707065, PubMed:23722158, PubMed:26229117, PubMed:23910378, PubMed:23747010, PubMed:30842659). Upon binding of c-di-GMP or cGAMP, STING1 oligomerizes, translocates from the endoplasmic reticulum and is phosphorylated by TBK1 on the pLxIS motif, leading to recruitment and subsequent activation of the transcription factor IRF3 to induce expression of type I interferon and exert a potent anti-viral state (PubMed:22394562, PubMed:25636800, PubMed:30842653). In addition to promote the production of type I interferons, plays a direct role in autophagy (PubMed:30568238, PubMed:30842662). Following cGAMP-binding, STING1 buds from the endoplasmic reticulum into COPII vesicles, which then form the endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC) (PubMed:30842662). The ERGIC serves as the membrane source for WIPI2 recruitment and LC3 lipidation, leading to formation of autophagosomes that target cytosolic DNA or DNA viruses for degradation by the lysosome (PubMed:30842662). The autophagy- and interferon-inducing activities can be uncoupled and autophagy induction is independent of TBK1 phosphorylation (PubMed:30568238, PubMed:30842662). Autophagy is also triggered upon infection by bacteria: following c-di-GMP-binding, which is produced by live Gram-positive bacteria, promotes reticulophagy (By similarity). Exhibits 2',3' phosphodiester linkage-specific ligand recognition: can bind both 2'-3' linked cGAMP (2'-3'-cGAMP) and 3'-3' linked cGAMP but is preferentially activated by 2'-3' linked cGAMP (PubMed:26300263, PubMed:23910378, PubMed:23747010). The preference for 2'-3'-cGAMP, compared to other linkage isomers is probably due to the ligand itself, whichs adopts an organized free-ligand conformation that resembles the STING1-bound conformation and pays low energy costs in changing into the active conformation (PubMed:26150511). May be involved in translocon function, the translocon possibly being able to influence the induction of type I interferons (PubMed:18724357). May be involved in transduction of apoptotic signals via its association with the major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II) (By similarity).(Microbial infection) Antiviral activity is antagonized by oncoproteins, such as papillomavirus (HPV) protein E7 and adenovirus early E1A protein (PubMed:26405230). Such oncoproteins prevent the ability to sense cytosolic DNA (PubMed:26405230).
Stimulator of interferon genes protein, hSTING, Endoplasmic reticulum interferon stimulator, Mediator of IRF3 activation, Transmembrane protein 173, ERIS, hMITA, STING, MITA, ERIS, STING1, TMEM173
Rabbit Recombinant Monoclonal STING antibody. Suitable for IP, WB, ICC/IF, Flow Cyt (Intra), IHC-P and reacts with Human samples. Cited in 4 publications.
Stimulator of interferon genes protein, hSTING, Endoplasmic reticulum interferon stimulator, Mediator of IRF3 activation, Transmembrane protein 173, ERIS, hMITA, STING, MITA, ERIS, STING1, TMEM173
IgG
Rabbit
pH: 7.2 - 7.4
Preservative: 0.01% Sodium azide
Constituents: PBS, 40% Glycerol (glycerin, glycerine), 0.05% BSA
Liquid
Monoclonal
EPR13130-55
Affinity purification Protein A
Blue Ice
1-2 weeks
+4°C
-20°C
Upon delivery aliquot
Avoid freeze / thaw cycle
Our RabMAb® technology is a patented hybridoma-based technology for making rabbit monoclonal antibodies. For details on our patents, please refer to RabMAb® patents.
This product is a recombinant monoclonal antibody, which offers several advantages including:
For more information, read more on recombinant antibodies.
This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.
The stimulator of interferon genes (STING) also known as TMEM173 or MPYS is a critical transmembrane protein with a molecular weight of approximately 42 kDa. It is primarily expressed in the endoplasmic reticulum of various cell types including immune cells where it plays a central role in sensing cytosolic DNA. STING binds to cyclic dinucleotides produced by the enzyme cGAS upon recognition of aberrant DNA in the cytosol. This binding initiates activation and translocation of STING to the Golgi apparatus facilitating further signaling events.
STING serves as a pivotal regulator in the innate immune response to viral and bacterial infections. It operates by forming a signaling complex with kinases and other effector proteins which subsequently leads to the activation of transcription factors such as IRF3 and NF-kB. These transcription factors then induce the expression of type I interferons and other cytokines important for mounting an effective antiviral response. The STING pathway therefore enhances the immune system's ability to detect and respond to pathogens.
The activity of STING is integral to the cGAS-STING pathway a significant cytosolic DNA-sensing pathway involved in innate immunity. Upon activation STING interacts with TBK1 a kinase that further phosphorylates IRF3 promoting its nuclear translocation and activation. Beyond this STING also intersects with pathways involving autophagy a cellular process necessary for clearing pathogens and damaged cellular components. Through these pathways STING critically contributes to upholding cellular homeostasis and immune defense.
The dysregulation of STING is linked to autoinflammatory diseases and certain cancers. Abnormal STING activation can lead to chronic inflammation a feature observed in diseases such as STING-associated vasculopathy with onset in infancy (SAVI). STING's role in cancer is also notable where its ability to activate immune cells can be harnessed in immunotherapy yet its chronic activation may promote tumorigenesis. In cancer STING often interacts with proteins like K-Ras influencing tumor growth and response to therapies.
We have tested this species and application combination and it works. It is covered by our product promise.
We have not tested this specific species and application combination in-house, but expect it will work. It is covered by our product promise.
This species and application combination has not been tested, but we predict it will work based on strong homology. However, this combination is not covered by our product promise.
We do not recommend this combination. It is not covered by our product promise.
We are dedicated to supporting your work with high quality reagents and we are here for you every step of the way should you need us.
In the unlikely event of one of our products not working as expected, you are covered by our product promise.
Full details and terms and conditions can be found here:
Terms & Conditions.
Blocking/Dilution buffer: 5% NFDM/TBST.
All lanes: Western blot - Anti-STING antibody [EPR13130-55] (ab239074) at 1/1000 dilution
Lane 1: THP-1 (human monocytic leukemia cell line) whole cell lysate at 20 µg
Lane 2: HT1080 (human fibrosarcoma cell line) whole cell lysate at 20 µg
Lane 3: Human tonsil lysate at 20 µg
All lanes: Western blot - Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (HRP) (Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (HRP) ab97051) at 1/100000 dilution
Predicted band size: 42 kDa
Observed band size: 36 kDa
Exposure time: 3min
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human colon cancer tissue labeling TMEM173 with ab239074 at 1/4000 dilution, followed by Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (HRP) Ready to use. Positive staining in human colon cancer (PMID: 26748708) is observed. Counter stained with hematoxylin.
Secondary antibody only control: Used PBS instead of primary antibody, secondary antibody is Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (HRP) Ready to use.
Heat mediated antigen retrieval was performed with Tris/EDTA buffer pH 9.0 before commencing with IHC staining protocol.
Lanes 1 - 4: Merged signal (red and green). Green - ab239074 observed at 37 kDa. Red - loading control Anti-alpha Tubulin antibody [DM1A] - Loading Control ab7291 (Mouse anti-Alpha Tubulin [DM1A]) observed at 55 kDa.
ab239074 was shown to react with TMEM173 in wild-type THP-1 cells in Western blot with loss of signal observed in TMEM173 knockout cell line Human TMEM173 knockout THP-1 cell line ab270493 (TMEM173 knockout cell lysae Human TMEM173 knockout THP-1 cell lysate ab270516). Wild-type THP-1 and TMEM173 knockout cell lysates were subjected to SDS-PAGE. Membranes were blocked in fluorescent western blot (TBS-based) blocking solution before incubation with ab239074 and Anti-alpha Tubulin antibody [DM1A] - Loading Control ab7291 (Mouse anti-Alpha Tubulin [DM1A]) overnight at 4 °C at a 1 in 1000 dilution and a 1 in 20000 dilution respectively. Blots were incubated with Goat anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (IRDye® 800CW) preabsorbed (Goat anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (IRDye® 800CW) preadsorbed ab216773) and Goat anti-Mouse IgG H&L (IRDye® 680RD) preabsorbed (Goat anti-Mouse IgG H&L (IRDye® 680RD) preadsorbed ab216776) secondary antibodies at 1 in 20000 dilution for 1 h at room temperature before imaging.
All lanes: Western blot - Anti-STING antibody [EPR13130-55] (ab239074) at 1/1000 dilution
Lane 1: Wild-type THP-1 cell lysate at 20 µg
Lane 2: TMEM173 knockout THP-1 cell lysate at 20 µg
Lane 3: Human Tonsil tissue lysate at 20 µg
Lane 4: Human Thymus tissue lysate at 20 µg
Performed under reducing conditions.
Predicted band size: 42 kDa
Observed band size: 37 kDa
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human prostate hyperplasia tissue labeling TMEM173 with ab239074 at 1/4000 dilution, followed by Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (HRP) Ready to use. Positive staining in basal cells of human prostate hyperplasia is observed. Counter stained with hematoxylin.
Secondary antibody only control: Used PBS instead of primary antibody, secondary antibody is Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (HRP) Ready to use.
Heat mediated antigen retrieval was performed with Tris/EDTA buffer pH 9.0 before commencing with IHC staining protocol.
TMEM173 was immunoprecipitated from 0.35 mg of THP-1 (human monocytic leukemia cell line) whole cell lysate with ab239074 at 1/30 dilution. Western blot was performed from the immunoprecipitate using ab239074 at 1/1000 dilution. VeriBlot for IP Detection Reagent (HRP) (VeriBlot for IP Detection Reagent (HRP) ab131366), was used for detection at 1/1000 dilution.
Lane 1: THP-1 whole cell lysate 10 μg (Input).
Lane 2: ab239074 IP in THP-1 whole cell lysate.
Lane 3: Rabbit monoclonal IgG (Rabbit IgG, monoclonal [EPR25A] - Isotype Control ab172730) instead of ab239074 in THP-1 whole cell lysate.
Blocking and dilution buffer and concentration: 5% NFDM/TBST.
Exposure time: 30 seconds.
All lanes: Immunoprecipitation - Anti-STING antibody [EPR13130-55] (ab239074)
Predicted band size: 42 kDa
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human tonsil tissue labeling TMEM173 with ab239074 at 1/4000 dilution, followed by Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (HRP) Ready to use. Positive staining in human tonsil (PMID:28874664) is observed. Counter stained with hematoxylin.
Secondary antibody only control: Used PBS instead of primary antibody, secondary antibody is Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (HRP) Ready to use.
Heat mediated antigen retrieval was performed with Tris/EDTA buffer pH 9.0 before commencing with IHC staining protocol.
Immunofluorescent analysis of 4% paraformaldehyde-fixed, 0.1% Triton X-100 permeabilized THP-1 (human monocytic leukemia cell line) cells labeling TMEM173 with ab239074 at 1/100 dilution followed by Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (Alexa Fluor® 488) (Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (Alexa Fluor® 488) ab150077) secondary antibody at 1/1000 dilution (green). Confocal image showing cytoplasmic and membranous staining in THP-1 cell line is observed.
The nuclear counter stain is DAPI (blue). Tubulin is detected with Anti-alpha Tubulin antibody [DM1A] - Microtubule Marker (Alexa Fluor® 594) (Alexa Fluor® 594 Anti-alpha Tubulin antibody [DM1A] - Microtubule Marker ab195889) (red) at 1/200 dilution.
Secondary antibody only control: Used PBS instead of primary antibody, secondary antibody is Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (Alexa Fluor® 488) (Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (Alexa Fluor® 488) ab150077) secondary antibody at 1/1000 dilution.
Tissue Microarrays stained for "Anti-STING antibody [EPR13130-55]" using "ab239074"in immunohistochemical analysis. This table provides a detailed overview of positive (tick mark) and negative (cross mark) staining per sample type tested. The sections were pre-treated using Heat mediated antigen retrieval using Antigen Retrieval Buffer (100X Tris-EDTA Buffer, pH 9.0) ab93684 (Tris/EDTA buffer, pH 9.0). The sections were incubated with ab239074 at +4°C overnight followed by a ready to use Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (HRP polymer).
ab239074 was shown to react with STING1 in wild-type THP-1 cells in Western blot with loss of signal observed in STING1 knockout cell line Human TMEM173 knockout THP-1 cell line ab270493. Wild-type THP-1 and STING1 knockout cell lysates were subjected to SDS-PAGE. Membranes were blocked in 5% milk in TBST for 1 hr before incubation with ab239074 overnight at 4 °C at a 1/1000 dilution. Blots were incubated with secondary antibodies at 0.2 µg/mL before imaging.
These data were provided by YCharOS Inc., an open science company with the mission of characterizing commercially available antibody reagents for all human proteins. Abcam and YCharOS are working together to help address the reproducibility crisis by enabling the life science community to better evaluate commercially available antibodies.
All lanes: Western blot - Anti-STING antibody [EPR13130-55] (ab239074) at 1/1000 dilution
Lane 1: Wild-type THP-1 lysate at 40 µg
Lane 2: STING1 knock-out THP-1 lysate at 40 µg
Immunohistochemical analysis of formalin fixed paraffin (FFPE) embedded tonsil labelling STING with ab239074 at a concentration of 0.01µg/ml. The immunostaining was performed on a Ventana DISCOVERY ULTRA (Roche Tissue Diagnostics) instrument with an OptiView DAB IHC Detection Kit. Heat mediated antigen retrieval was conducted for 32 min with DISCOVERY cell conditioning solution (CC1) 100°C, pH 8.5. ab239074 was incubated at 37°C for 16min. Sections were counterstained is with Hematoxylin II. Image inset shows absence of staining in secondary antibody only control
Intracellular flow cytometric analysis of 4% paraformaldehyde-fixed, 90% methanol-permeabilized THP-1 (human monocytic leukemia cell line) cell line labeling TMEM173 with ab239074 at 1/500 dilution (red) compared with a Rabbit IgG, monoclonal [EPR25A] - Isotype Control (Rabbit IgG, monoclonal [EPR25A] - Isotype Control ab172730) (black) and an unlabeled control (cells without incubation with primary antibody and secondary antibody) (blue). Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (Alexa Fluor® 488) (Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (Alexa Fluor® 488) ab150077) at 1/2000 dilution was used as the secondary antibody.
Immunoprecipitation of STING1 in THP-1 cells. Lysates were prepared and immunoprecipitation was performed using 2 µg of ab239074 pre-coupled to Protein A beads. Samples were then washed and processed for western blot.
These data were provided by YCharOS Inc., an open science company with the mission of characterizing commercially available antibody reagents for all human proteins. Abcam and YCharOS are working together to help address the reproducibility crisis by enabling the life science community to better evaluate commercially available antibodies.
All lanes: Immunoprecipitation - Anti-STING antibody [EPR13130-55] (ab239074) at 2 µg
All lanes: THP-1 cells
Please note: All products are 'FOR RESEARCH USE ONLY. NOT FOR USE IN DIAGNOSTIC OR THERAPEUTIC PROCEDURES'.
For licensing inquiries, please contact partnerships@abcam.com