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Rabbit Recombinant Monoclonal STING antibody. Suitable for WB, ICC/IF, Flow Cyt (Intra), IP and reacts with Human samples. Cited in 18 publications.


Images

Western blot - Anti-STING antibody [EPR13130] (AB181125), expandable thumbnail
  • Western blot - Anti-STING antibody [EPR13130] (AB181125), expandable thumbnail
  • Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence - Anti-STING antibody [EPR13130] (AB181125), expandable thumbnail
  • Flow Cytometry (Intracellular) - Anti-STING antibody [EPR13130] (AB181125), expandable thumbnail
  • Western blot - Anti-STING antibody [EPR13130] (AB181125), expandable thumbnail

Publications

Key facts

Isotype
IgG
Host species
Rabbit
Storage buffer

Preservative: 0.01% Sodium azide
Constituents: 59% PBS, 40% Glycerol (glycerin, glycerine), 0.05% BSA

Form
Liquid
Clonality
Monoclonal

Immunogen

  • The exact immunogen used to generate this antibody is proprietary information.

Abcam Recommends

Reactivity data

Select an application
Product promiseTestedExpectedPredictedNot recommended
WBICC/IFFlow Cyt (Intra)IP
Human
Tested
Tested
Tested
Tested

Tested
Tested

Species
Human
Dilution info
1/1000 - 1/2000
Notes

-

Tested
Tested

Species
Human
Dilution info
1/2000
Notes

For unpurified, use 1/50 - 1/100.

Tested
Tested

Species
Human
Dilution info
1/10 - 1/20
Notes

ab172730 - Rabbit monoclonal IgG, is suitable for use as an isotype control with this antibody.

Tested
Tested

Species
Human
Dilution info
1/1000
Notes

-

Associated Products

Select an associated product type

7 products for Alternative Product

Target data

Function

Facilitator of innate immune signaling that acts as a sensor of cytosolic DNA from bacteria and viruses and promotes the production of type I interferon (IFN-alpha and IFN-beta) (PubMed:18724357, PubMed:18818105, PubMed:19433799, PubMed:19776740, PubMed:23027953, PubMed:23747010, PubMed:23910378, PubMed:27801882, PubMed:29973723, PubMed:30842659, PubMed:35045565, PubMed:35388221, PubMed:36808561, PubMed:37832545). Innate immune response is triggered in response to non-CpG double-stranded DNA from viruses and bacteria delivered to the cytoplasm (PubMed:26300263). Acts by binding cyclic dinucleotides: recognizes and binds cyclic di-GMP (c-di-GMP), a second messenger produced by bacteria, cyclic UMP-AMP (2',3'-cUAMP), and cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP), a messenger produced by CGAS in response to DNA virus in the cytosol (PubMed:21947006, PubMed:23258412, PubMed:23707065, PubMed:23722158, PubMed:23747010, PubMed:23910378, PubMed:26229117, PubMed:30842659, PubMed:35388221, PubMed:37379839). Upon binding to c-di-GMP, cUAMP or cGAMP, STING1 oligomerizes, translocates from the endoplasmic reticulum and is phosphorylated by TBK1 on the pLxIS motif, leading to recruitment and subsequent activation of the transcription factor IRF3 to induce expression of type I interferon and exert a potent anti-viral state (PubMed:22394562, PubMed:25636800, PubMed:29973723, PubMed:30842653, PubMed:35045565, PubMed:35388221). Exhibits 2',3' phosphodiester linkage-specific ligand recognition: can bind both 2'-3' linked cGAMP (2'-3'-cGAMP) and 3'-3' linked cGAMP but is preferentially activated by 2'-3' linked cGAMP (PubMed:23747010, PubMed:23910378, PubMed:26300263). The preference for 2'-3'-cGAMP, compared to other linkage isomers is probably due to the ligand itself, whichs adopts an organized free-ligand conformation that resembles the STING1-bound conformation and pays low energy costs in changing into the active conformation (PubMed:26150511). In addition to promote the production of type I interferons, plays a direct role in autophagy (PubMed:30568238, PubMed:30842662). Following cGAMP-binding, STING1 buds from the endoplasmic reticulum into COPII vesicles, which then form the endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC) (PubMed:30842662). The ERGIC serves as the membrane source for WIPI2 recruitment and LC3 lipidation, leading to formation of autophagosomes that target cytosolic DNA or DNA viruses for degradation by the lysosome (PubMed:30842662). Promotes autophagy by acting as a proton channel that directs proton efflux from the Golgi to facilitate MAP1LC3B/LC3B lipidation (PubMed:37535724). The autophagy- and interferon-inducing activities can be uncoupled and autophagy induction is independent of TBK1 phosphorylation (PubMed:30568238, PubMed:30842662). Autophagy is also triggered upon infection by bacteria: following c-di-GMP-binding, which is produced by live Gram-positive bacteria, promotes reticulophagy (By similarity). May be involved in translocon function, the translocon possibly being able to influence the induction of type I interferons (PubMed:18724357). May be involved in transduction of apoptotic signals via its association with the major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II) (By similarity). (Microbial infection) Antiviral activity is antagonized by oncoproteins, such as papillomavirus (HPV) protein E7 and adenovirus early E1A protein (PubMed:26405230). Such oncoproteins prevent the ability to sense cytosolic DNA (PubMed:26405230).

Alternative names

ERIS, MITA, STING, TMEM173, STING1, Stimulator of interferon genes protein, hSTING, Endoplasmic reticulum interferon stimulator, Mediator of IRF3 activation, Transmembrane protein 173, hMITA

Recommended products

Rabbit Recombinant Monoclonal STING antibody. Suitable for WB, ICC/IF, Flow Cyt (Intra), IP and reacts with Human samples. Cited in 18 publications.

Key facts

Isotype
IgG
Form
Liquid
Clonality
Monoclonal
Immunogen
  • The exact immunogen used to generate this antibody is proprietary information.
Clone number
EPR13130
Purification technique
Affinity purification Protein A
Concentration
Loading...

Storage

Shipped at conditions
Blue Ice
Appropriate short-term storage duration
1-2 weeks
Appropriate short-term storage conditions
+4°C
Appropriate long-term storage conditions
-20°C
Aliquoting information
Upon delivery aliquot
Storage information
Avoid freeze / thaw cycle

Notes

Our RabMAb® technology is a patented hybridoma-based technology for making rabbit monoclonal antibodies. For details on our patents, please refer to RabMAb® patents.

This product is a recombinant monoclonal antibody, which offers several advantages including:

  • - High batch-to-batch consistency and reproducibility
  • - Improved sensitivity and specificity
  • - Long-term security of supply
  • - Animal-free batch production

For more information, read more on recombinant antibodies.

Supplementary info

This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.
Activity summary

The stimulator of interferon genes (STING) also known as TMEM173 or MPYS is a critical transmembrane protein with a molecular weight of approximately 42 kDa. It is primarily expressed in the endoplasmic reticulum of various cell types including immune cells where it plays a central role in sensing cytosolic DNA. STING binds to cyclic dinucleotides produced by the enzyme cGAS upon recognition of aberrant DNA in the cytosol. This binding initiates activation and translocation of STING to the Golgi apparatus facilitating further signaling events.

Biological function summary

STING serves as a pivotal regulator in the innate immune response to viral and bacterial infections. It operates by forming a signaling complex with kinases and other effector proteins which subsequently leads to the activation of transcription factors such as IRF3 and NF-kB. These transcription factors then induce the expression of type I interferons and other cytokines important for mounting an effective antiviral response. The STING pathway therefore enhances the immune system's ability to detect and respond to pathogens.

Pathways

The activity of STING is integral to the cGAS-STING pathway a significant cytosolic DNA-sensing pathway involved in innate immunity. Upon activation STING interacts with TBK1 a kinase that further phosphorylates IRF3 promoting its nuclear translocation and activation. Beyond this STING also intersects with pathways involving autophagy a cellular process necessary for clearing pathogens and damaged cellular components. Through these pathways STING critically contributes to upholding cellular homeostasis and immune defense.

Associated diseases and disorders

The dysregulation of STING is linked to autoinflammatory diseases and certain cancers. Abnormal STING activation can lead to chronic inflammation a feature observed in diseases such as STING-associated vasculopathy with onset in infancy (SAVI). STING's role in cancer is also notable where its ability to activate immune cells can be harnessed in immunotherapy yet its chronic activation may promote tumorigenesis. In cancer STING often interacts with proteins like K-Ras influencing tumor growth and response to therapies.

Product promise

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9 product images

  • Western blot - Anti-STING antibody [EPR13130] (ab181125), expandable thumbnail

    Western blot - Anti-STING antibody [EPR13130] (ab181125)

    False colour image of Western blot: Anti-STING antibody [EPR13130] staining at 1/1000 dilution, shown in green; loading control Anti-alpha Tubulin antibody [DM1A] - Loading Control ab7291 (Mouse anti-Alpha Tubulin [DM1A]) staining at 1/20000 dilution, shown in red. In Western blot, ab181125 was shown to bind specifically to STING. A band was observed at 37 kDa in wild-type THP-1 cell lysates with no signal observed at this size in TMEM173 knockout cell line Human TMEM173 knockout THP-1 cell line ab270493 (knockout cell lysate Human TMEM173 knockout THP-1 cell lysate ab270516). To generate this image, wild-type and TMEM173 knockout THP-1 cell lysates were analysed. First, samples were run on an SDS-PAGE gel then transferred onto a nitrocellulose membrane. Membranes were blocked in fluorescent western blot (TBS-based) blocking solution before incubation with primary antibodies overnight at 4 °C. Blots were washed four times in TBS-T, incubated with secondary antibodies for 1 h at room temperature, washed again four times then imaged. Secondary antibodies used were Goat anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (IRDye® 800CW) preabsorbed (Goat anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (IRDye® 800CW) preadsorbed ab216773) and Goat anti-Mouse IgG H&L (IRDye® 680RD) preabsorbed (Goat anti-Mouse IgG H&L (IRDye® 680RD) preadsorbed ab216776) at 1/20000 dilution.

    All lanes: Western blot - Anti-STING antibody [EPR13130] (ab181125) at 1/1000 dilution

    Lane 1: Wild-type THP-1 cell lysate at 20 µg

    Lane 2: TMEM173 knockout THP-1 cell lysate at 20 µg

    Lane 2: Western blot - Human TMEM173 knockout THP-1 cell line (Human TMEM173 knockout THP-1 cell line ab270493)

    Lane 3: Human Tonsil cell lysate at 20 µg

    Lane 4: Human Thymus cell lysate at 20 µg

    Performed under reducing conditions.

    Predicted band size: 42 kDa

    Observed band size: 37 kDa

  • Western blot - Anti-STING antibody [EPR13130] (ab181125), expandable thumbnail

    Western blot - Anti-STING antibody [EPR13130] (ab181125)

    Blocking buffer: 5% NFDM/TBST

    Dilution buffer: 5% NFDM/TBST

    All lanes: Western blot - Anti-STING antibody [EPR13130] (ab181125) at 1/10000 dilution

    Lane 1: THP-1 cell lysate at 20 µg

    Lane 2: HACAT cell lysate at 20 µg

    Lane 3: human spleen lysate at 20 µg

    Secondary

    All lanes: HRP goat anti-rabbit IgG (H+L) at 1/1000 dilution

    Predicted band size: 42 kDa

    Observed band size: 37 kDa

  • Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence - Anti-STING antibody [EPR13130] (ab181125), expandable thumbnail

    Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence - Anti-STING antibody [EPR13130] (ab181125)

    Immunocytochemistry/immunofluorescence analysis of THP-1 (human monocytic leukemia monocyte) cells labelling TMEM173 with ab181125 at 10 μg/mL. Cells were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde and permeabilized with 0.1% Triton X-100. Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (Alexa Fluor® 488) (Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (Alexa Fluor® 488) ab150077) at 1/1000 was used as the secondary antibody (green). Cells were counterstained with Anti-alpha Tubulin antibody [DM1A] - Microtubule Marker (Alexa Fluor® 594) (Alexa Fluor® 594 Anti-alpha Tubulin antibody [DM1A] - Microtubule Marker ab195889) at 1/200 dilution (red). Nuclear DNA was labelled with DAPI (blue).
    Confocal image showing cytoplasmic staining in THP-1 cells.

  • Flow Cytometry (Intracellular) - Anti-STING antibody [EPR13130] (ab181125), expandable thumbnail

    Flow Cytometry (Intracellular) - Anti-STING antibody [EPR13130] (ab181125)

    Overlay histogram showing THP-1 cells fixed in 4% PFA and stained with purified ab181125 at a dilution of 1 in 20 (red line). The secondary antibody used was FITC goat anti-rabbit at a dilution of 1 in 500. Rabbit monoclonal IgG was used as an isotype control (black line) and cells incubated in the absence of both primary and secondary antibody were used as a negative control (blue line).

    Alexa Fluor® 488 (Alexa Fluor® 488 Anti-STING antibody [EPR13130] ab198950) and R-PE (PE Anti-STING antibody [EPR13130] ab208874) conjugated versions are available for this clone.

  • Western blot - Anti-STING antibody [EPR13130] (ab181125), expandable thumbnail

    Western blot - Anti-STING antibody [EPR13130] (ab181125)

    Blocking buffer: 5% NFDM/TBST

    Dilution buffer: 5% NFDM/TBST

    All lanes: Western blot - Anti-STING antibody [EPR13130] (ab181125) at 1/2000 dilution

    All lanes: HEK293 cell lysate at 20 µg

    Secondary

    All lanes: HRP goat anti-rabbit IgG (H+L) at 1/1000 dilution

    Predicted band size: 42 kDa

    Observed band size: 37 kDa

  • Western blot - Anti-STING antibody [EPR13130] (ab181125), expandable thumbnail

    Western blot - Anti-STING antibody [EPR13130] (ab181125)

    All lanes: Western blot - Anti-STING antibody [EPR13130] (ab181125) at 1/2000 dilution

    Lane 1: THP1 lysate at 20 µg

    Lane 2: HACAT lysate at 20 µg

    Secondary

    All lanes: Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG, (H+L), Peroxidase conjugated at 1/1000 dilution

    Predicted band size: 42 kDa

  • Flow Cytometry (Intracellular) - Anti-STING antibody [EPR13130] (ab181125), expandable thumbnail

    Flow Cytometry (Intracellular) - Anti-STING antibody [EPR13130] (ab181125)

    Intracellular Flow Cytometry analysis of THP1 cells using unpurified ab181125at a 1/10 dilution (red) or a Rabbit monoclonal IgG (negative) (green). Goat anti rabbit IgG (FITC) secondary used at a 1/150 dilution.

  • Western blot - Anti-STING antibody [EPR13130] (ab181125), expandable thumbnail

    Western blot - Anti-STING antibody [EPR13130] (ab181125)

    ab181125 was shown to react with STING1 in wild-type THP-1 cells in Western blot with loss of signal observed in STING1 knockout cell line Human TMEM173 knockout THP-1 cell line ab270493. Wild-type THP-1 and STING1 knockout cell lysates were subjected to SDS-PAGE. Membranes were blocked in 5% milk in TBST for 1 hr before incubation with ab181125 overnight at 4 °C at a 1/1000 dilution. Blots were incubated with secondary antibodies at 0.2 µg/mL before imaging.

    These data were provided by YCharOS Inc., an open science company with the mission of characterizing commercially available antibody reagents for all human proteins. Abcam and YCharOS are working together to help address the reproducibility crisis by enabling the life science community to better evaluate commercially available antibodies.

    All lanes: Western blot - Anti-STING antibody [EPR13130] (ab181125) at 1/1000 dilution

    Lane 1: Wild-type THP-1 lysate at 40 µg

    Lane 2: STING1 knock-out THP-1 lysate at 40 µg

  • Immunoprecipitation - Anti-STING antibody [EPR13130] (ab181125), expandable thumbnail

    Immunoprecipitation - Anti-STING antibody [EPR13130] (ab181125)

    Immunoprecipitation of STING1 in THP-1 cells. Lysates were prepared and immunoprecipitation was performed using 2 µg of ab181125 pre-coupled to Protein A beads. Samples were then washed and processed for western blot.

    These data were provided by YCharOS Inc., an open science company with the mission of characterizing commercially available antibody reagents for all human proteins. Abcam and YCharOS are working together to help address the reproducibility crisis by enabling the life science community to better evaluate commercially available antibodies.

    All lanes: Immunoprecipitation - Anti-STING antibody [EPR13130] (ab181125) at 2 µg

    All lanes: THP-1 cells

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Product protocols

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