Rabbit Recombinant Monoclonal STING antibody. Carrier free. Suitable for ICC/IF, WB, Flow Cyt (Intra), IP and reacts with Human samples.
IgG
Rabbit
pH: 7.2 - 7.4
Constituents: PBS
Liquid
Monoclonal
ICC/IF | WB | Flow Cyt (Intra) | IP | |
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Human | Tested | Tested | Tested | Tested |
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Species Human | Dilution info - | Notes - |
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Species Human | Dilution info - | Notes - |
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Species Human | Dilution info - | Notes - |
Species | Dilution info | Notes |
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Species Human | Dilution info - | Notes - |
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Facilitator of innate immune signaling that acts as a sensor of cytosolic DNA from bacteria and viruses and promotes the production of type I interferon (IFN-alpha and IFN-beta) (PubMed:18724357, PubMed:18818105, PubMed:19433799, PubMed:19776740, PubMed:23027953, PubMed:23910378, PubMed:23747010, PubMed:30842659). Innate immune response is triggered in response to non-CpG double-stranded DNA from viruses and bacteria delivered to the cytoplasm (PubMed:26300263). Acts by binding cyclic dinucleotides: recognizes and binds cyclic di-GMP (c-di-GMP), a second messenger produced by bacteria, and cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP), a messenger produced by CGAS in response to DNA virus in the cytosol (PubMed:21947006, PubMed:23258412, PubMed:23707065, PubMed:23722158, PubMed:26229117, PubMed:23910378, PubMed:23747010, PubMed:30842659). Upon binding of c-di-GMP or cGAMP, STING1 oligomerizes, translocates from the endoplasmic reticulum and is phosphorylated by TBK1 on the pLxIS motif, leading to recruitment and subsequent activation of the transcription factor IRF3 to induce expression of type I interferon and exert a potent anti-viral state (PubMed:22394562, PubMed:25636800, PubMed:30842653). In addition to promote the production of type I interferons, plays a direct role in autophagy (PubMed:30568238, PubMed:30842662). Following cGAMP-binding, STING1 buds from the endoplasmic reticulum into COPII vesicles, which then form the endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC) (PubMed:30842662). The ERGIC serves as the membrane source for WIPI2 recruitment and LC3 lipidation, leading to formation of autophagosomes that target cytosolic DNA or DNA viruses for degradation by the lysosome (PubMed:30842662). The autophagy- and interferon-inducing activities can be uncoupled and autophagy induction is independent of TBK1 phosphorylation (PubMed:30568238, PubMed:30842662). Autophagy is also triggered upon infection by bacteria: following c-di-GMP-binding, which is produced by live Gram-positive bacteria, promotes reticulophagy (By similarity). Exhibits 2',3' phosphodiester linkage-specific ligand recognition: can bind both 2'-3' linked cGAMP (2'-3'-cGAMP) and 3'-3' linked cGAMP but is preferentially activated by 2'-3' linked cGAMP (PubMed:26300263, PubMed:23910378, PubMed:23747010). The preference for 2'-3'-cGAMP, compared to other linkage isomers is probably due to the ligand itself, whichs adopts an organized free-ligand conformation that resembles the STING1-bound conformation and pays low energy costs in changing into the active conformation (PubMed:26150511). May be involved in translocon function, the translocon possibly being able to influence the induction of type I interferons (PubMed:18724357). May be involved in transduction of apoptotic signals via its association with the major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II) (By similarity).(Microbial infection) Antiviral activity is antagonized by oncoproteins, such as papillomavirus (HPV) protein E7 and adenovirus early E1A protein (PubMed:26405230). Such oncoproteins prevent the ability to sense cytosolic DNA (PubMed:26405230).
Stimulator of interferon genes protein, hSTING, Endoplasmic reticulum interferon stimulator, Mediator of IRF3 activation, Transmembrane protein 173, ERIS, hMITA, STING, MITA, ERIS, STING1, TMEM173
Rabbit Recombinant Monoclonal STING antibody. Carrier free. Suitable for ICC/IF, WB, Flow Cyt (Intra), IP and reacts with Human samples.
IgG
Rabbit
pH: 7.2 - 7.4
Constituents: PBS
Liquid
Monoclonal
Yes
EPR13130
Affinity purification Protein A
Blue Ice
+4°C
Do Not Freeze
ab227128 is the carrier-free version of Anti-STING antibody [EPR13130] ab181125.
Our RabMAb® technology is a patented hybridoma-based technology for making rabbit monoclonal antibodies. For details on our patents, please refer to RabMAb® patents.
Our carrier-free antibodies are typically supplied in a PBS-only formulation, purified and free of BSA, sodium azide and glycerol. The carrier-free buffer and high concentration allow for increased conjugation efficiency.
This conjugation-ready format is designed for use with fluorochromes, metal isotopes, oligonucleotides, and enzymes, which makes them ideal for antibody labelling, functional and cell-based assays, flow-based assays (e.g. mass cytometry) and Multiplex Imaging applications.
Use our conjugation kits for antibody conjugates that are ready-to-use in as little as 20 minutes with 1 minute hands-on-time and 100% antibody recovery: available for fluorescent dyes, HRP, biotin and gold.
This product is compatible with the Maxpar® Antibody Labeling Kit from Fluidigm, without the need for antibody preparation. Maxpar® is a trademark of Fluidigm Canada Inc.
This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.
The stimulator of interferon genes (STING) also known as TMEM173 or MPYS is a critical transmembrane protein with a molecular weight of approximately 42 kDa. It is primarily expressed in the endoplasmic reticulum of various cell types including immune cells where it plays a central role in sensing cytosolic DNA. STING binds to cyclic dinucleotides produced by the enzyme cGAS upon recognition of aberrant DNA in the cytosol. This binding initiates activation and translocation of STING to the Golgi apparatus facilitating further signaling events.
STING serves as a pivotal regulator in the innate immune response to viral and bacterial infections. It operates by forming a signaling complex with kinases and other effector proteins which subsequently leads to the activation of transcription factors such as IRF3 and NF-kB. These transcription factors then induce the expression of type I interferons and other cytokines important for mounting an effective antiviral response. The STING pathway therefore enhances the immune system's ability to detect and respond to pathogens.
The activity of STING is integral to the cGAS-STING pathway a significant cytosolic DNA-sensing pathway involved in innate immunity. Upon activation STING interacts with TBK1 a kinase that further phosphorylates IRF3 promoting its nuclear translocation and activation. Beyond this STING also intersects with pathways involving autophagy a cellular process necessary for clearing pathogens and damaged cellular components. Through these pathways STING critically contributes to upholding cellular homeostasis and immune defense.
The dysregulation of STING is linked to autoinflammatory diseases and certain cancers. Abnormal STING activation can lead to chronic inflammation a feature observed in diseases such as STING-associated vasculopathy with onset in infancy (SAVI). STING's role in cancer is also notable where its ability to activate immune cells can be harnessed in immunotherapy yet its chronic activation may promote tumorigenesis. In cancer STING often interacts with proteins like K-Ras influencing tumor growth and response to therapies.
We have tested this species and application combination and it works. It is covered by our product promise.
We have not tested this specific species and application combination in-house, but expect it will work. It is covered by our product promise.
This species and application combination has not been tested, but we predict it will work based on strong homology. However, this combination is not covered by our product promise.
We do not recommend this combination. It is not covered by our product promise.
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Clone EPR13130 (ab227128) has been successfully conjugated by Abcam. This image was generated using Anti-TMEM173 antibody [EPR13130] (Alexa Fluor® 488). Please refer to Alexa Fluor® 488 Anti-STING antibody [EPR13130] ab198950 for protocol details.
Alexa Fluor® 488 Anti-STING antibody [EPR13130] ab198950 staining TMEM173 in HeLa cells. The cells were fixed with 100% methanol (5min), permeabilized with 0.1% Triton X-100 for 5 minutes and then blocked with 1% BSA/10% normal goat serum/0.3M glycine in 0.1% PBS-Tween for 1h. The cells were then incubated overnight at +4°C with Alexa Fluor® 488 Anti-STING antibody [EPR13130] ab198950 at 1/200 dilution (shown in green) and Alexa Fluor® 594 Anti-alpha Tubulin antibody [DM1A] - Microtubule Marker ab195889, Mouse monoclonal to alpha Tubulin (Alexa Fluor® 594), at 1/250 dilution (shown in red). Nuclear DNA was labelled with DAPI (shown in blue).
Image was taken with a confocal microscope (Leica-Microsystems, TCS SP8).
False colour image of Western blot: Anti-STING antibody [EPR13130] staining at 1/1000 dilution, shown in green; loading control Anti-alpha Tubulin antibody [DM1A] - Loading Control ab7291 (Mouse anti-Alpha Tubulin [DM1A]) at 1/20000 dilution, shown in red. In Western blot, Anti-STING antibody [EPR13130] ab181125 was shown to bind specifically to STING. A band was observed at 37 kDa in wild-type THP-1 cell lysates with no signal observed at this size in TMEM173 knockout cell line Human TMEM173 knockout THP-1 cell line ab270493 (knockout cell lysate Human TMEM173 knockout THP-1 cell lysate ab270516). To generate this image, wild-type and TMEM173 knockout THP-1 cell lysates were analysed. First, samples were run on an SDS-PAGE gel then transferred onto a nitrocellulose membrane. Membranes were blocked in fluorescent western blot (TBS-based) blocking solution before incubation with primary antibodies overnight at 4 °C. Blots were washed four times in TBS-T, incubated with secondary antibodies for 1 h at room temperature, washed again four times then imaged. Secondary antibodies used were Goat anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (IRDye® 800CW) preabsorbed (Goat anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (IRDye® 800CW) preadsorbed ab216773) and Goat anti-Mouse IgG H&L (IRDye® 680RD) preabsorbed (Goat anti-Mouse IgG H&L (IRDye® 680RD) preadsorbed ab216776) at 1/20000 dilution.
This data was developed using the same antibody clone in a different buffer formulation containing PBS, BSA, glycerol, and sodium azide (Anti-STING antibody [EPR13130] ab181125).
All lanes: Western blot - Anti-STING antibody [EPR13130] (Anti-STING antibody [EPR13130] ab181125) at 1/1000 dilution
Lane 1: Wild-type THP-1 cell lysate at 20 µg
Lane 2: TMEM173 knockout THP-1 cell lysate at 20 µg
Lane 3: Human Tonsil cell lysate at 20 µg
Lane 4: Human Thymus cell lysate at 20 µg
Performed under reducing conditions.
Predicted band size: 42 kDa
Observed band size: 37 kDa
Clone EPR13130 (ab227128) has been successfully conjugated by Abcam. This image was generated using Anti-TMEM173 antibody [EPR13130] (PE). Please refer to PE Anti-STING antibody [EPR13130] ab208874 for protocol details.
Overlay histogram showing HeLa cells stained with PE Anti-STING antibody [EPR13130] ab208874 (red line). The cells were fixed with 4% formaldehyde (10 min) and then permeabilized with 0.1% PBS-Triton X-100 for 15 min. The cells were then incubated in 1x PBS / 10% normal goat serum to block non-specific protein-protein interactions followed by the antibody (PE Anti-STING antibody [EPR13130] ab208874, 1/500 dilution) for 30 min at 22°C.Isotype control antibody (black line) was rabbit IgG (monoclonal) Phycoerythrin (PE Rabbit IgG, monoclonal [EPR25A] - Isotype Control ab209478) used at the same concentration and conditions as the primary antibody. Unlabelled sample (blue line) was also used as a control. Acquisition of >5,000 events were collected using a 50 mW Yellow/Green laser (561nm) and 586/15 bandpass filter. This antibody gave a positive signal in HeLa cells fixed with 80% methanol (5 min)/permeabilized with 0.1% PBS-Triton X-100 for 15 min used under the same conditions.
Clone EPR13130 (ab227128) has been successfully conjugated by Abcam. This image was generated using Anti-TMEM173 antibody [EPR13130] (Alexa Fluor® 647). Please refer to Alexa Fluor® 647 Anti-STING antibody [EPR13130] ab198952 for protocol details.
Alexa Fluor® 647 Anti-STING antibody [EPR13130] ab198952 staining TMEM173 in HeLa cells. The cells were fixed with 100% methanol (5 min), permeabilized with 0.1% Triton X-100 for 5 minutes and then blocked with 1% BSA/10% normal goat serum/0.3M glycine in 0.1% PBS-Tween for 1h. The cells were then incubated overnight at +4°C with Alexa Fluor® 647 Anti-STING antibody [EPR13130] ab198952 at 1/100 dilution (shown in red) and Alexa Fluor® 488 Anti-alpha Tubulin antibody [DM1A] - Microtubule Marker ab195887, Mouse monoclonal to alpha Tubulin (Alexa Fluor® 488), at 1/250 dilution (shown in green). Nuclear DNA was labelled with DAPI (shown in blue).
Image was taken with a confocal microscope (Leica-Microsystems, TCS SP8).
This product also gave a positive signal under the same testing conditions in HeLacells fixed with 4% formaldehyde (10 min).
Overlay histogram showing THP-1 cells fixed in 4% PFA and stained with purified Anti-STING antibody [EPR13130] ab181125 at a dilution of 1 in 20 (red line). The secondary antibody used was FITC goat anti-rabbit at a dilution of 1 in 500. Rabbit monoclonal IgG was used as an isotype control (black line) and cells incubated in the absence of both primary and secondary antibody were used as a negative control (blue line). This data was developed using the same antibody clone in a different buffer formulation containing PBS, BSA, glycerol, and sodium azide (Anti-STING antibody [EPR13130] ab181125).
Intracellular Flow Cytometry analysis of THP1 cells using unpurified Anti-STING antibody [EPR13130] ab181125 at a 1/10 dilution (red) or a Rabbit monoclonal IgG (negative) (green). Goat anti rabbit IgG (FITC) secondary used at a 1/150 dilution.
This data was developed using the same antibody clone in a different buffer formulation containing PBS, BSA, glycerol, and sodium azide (Anti-STING antibody [EPR13130] ab181125).
Immunofluorescence staining of HeLa cells with purified Anti-STING antibody [EPR13130] ab181125 at a working dilution of 1/1000, counter-stained with DAPI. The secondary antibody was Alexa Fluor® 488 goat anti-rabbit (Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (Alexa Fluor® 488) ab150077), used at a dilution of 1/1000. Anti-alpha Tubulin antibody [DM1A] - Loading Control ab7291, a mouse anti-tubulin antibody (1/1000), was used to stain tubulin along with Goat Anti-Mouse IgG H&L (Alexa Fluor® 594) preadsorbed ab150120 (Alexa Fluor® 594 goat anti-mouse, 1/1000), shown in the top right hand panel. The cells were fixed in 4% PFA and permeabilized using 0.1% Triton X 100. The negative controls are shown in bottom middle and right hand panels - for negative control 1, purified Anti-STING antibody [EPR13130] ab181125 was used at a dilution of 1/500 followed by an Alexa Fluor® 594 goat anti-mouse antibody (Goat Anti-Mouse IgG H&L (Alexa Fluor® 594) preadsorbed ab150120) at a dilution of 1/500. For negative control 2, Anti-alpha Tubulin antibody [DM1A] - Loading Control ab7291 (mouse anti-tubulin) was used at a dilution of 1/500 followed by an Alexa Fluor® 488 goat anti-rabbit antibody (Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (Alexa Fluor® 488) ab150077) at a dilution of 1/400.
This data was developed using the same antibody clone in a different buffer formulation containing PBS, BSA, glycerol, and sodium azide (Anti-STING antibody [EPR13130] ab181125).
This data was developed using Anti-STING antibody [EPR13130] ab181125, the same antibody clone in a different buffer formulation.
Immunoprecipitation of STING1 in THP-1 cells. Lysates were prepared and immunoprecipitation was performed using 2 µg of Anti-STING antibody [EPR13130] ab181125 pre-coupled to Protein A beads. Samples were then washed and processed for western blot.
These data were provided by YCharOS Inc., an open science company with the mission of characterizing commercially available antibody reagents for all human proteins. Abcam and YCharOS are working together to help address the reproducibility crisis by enabling the life science community to better evaluate commercially available antibodies.
All lanes: Immunoprecipitation - Anti-STING antibody [EPR13130] (Anti-STING antibody [EPR13130] ab181125) at 2 µg
All lanes: THP-1 cells
This data was developed using Anti-STING antibody [EPR13130] ab181125, the same antibody clone in a different buffer formulation.
Anti-STING antibody [EPR13130] ab181125 was shown to react with STING1 in wild-type THP-1 cells in Western blot with loss of signal observed in STING1 knockout cell line Human TMEM173 knockout THP-1 cell line ab270493. Wild-type THP-1 and STING1 knockout cell lysates were subjected to SDS-PAGE. Membranes were blocked in 5% milk in TBST for 1 hr before incubation with Anti-STING antibody [EPR13130] ab181125 overnight at 4 °C at a 1/1000 dilution. Blots were incubated with secondary antibodies at 0.2 µg/mL before imaging.
These data were provided by YCharOS Inc., an open science company with the mission of characterizing commercially available antibody reagents for all human proteins. Abcam and YCharOS are working together to help address the reproducibility crisis by enabling the life science community to better evaluate commercially available antibodies.
All lanes: Western blot - Anti-STING antibody [EPR13130] (Anti-STING antibody [EPR13130] ab181125) at 1/1000 dilution
Lane 1: Wild-type THP-1 lysate at 40 µg
Lane 2: STING1 knock-out THP-1 lysate at 40 µg
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