Rabbit Recombinant Monoclonal STING antibody. Carrier free. Suitable for WB, IHC-P, ICC/IF, Flow Cyt (Intra) and reacts with Human, Rat samples.
IgG
Rabbit
pH: 7.2 - 7.4
Constituents: PBS
Liquid
Monoclonal
WB | IHC-P | ICC/IF | Flow Cyt (Intra) | |
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Human | Tested | Tested | Tested | Tested |
Rat | Expected | Predicted | Predicted | Predicted |
Species | Dilution info | Notes |
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Species Human | Dilution info - | Notes - |
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Species Rat | Dilution info Use at an assay dependent concentration. | Notes - |
Species | Dilution info | Notes |
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Species Human | Dilution info - | Notes Perform heat mediated antigen retrieval with EDTA buffer pH 8.0 before commencing with IHC staining protocol. |
Species | Dilution info | Notes |
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Species Rat | Dilution info - | Notes - |
Species | Dilution info | Notes |
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Species Human | Dilution info - | Notes - |
Species | Dilution info | Notes |
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Species Rat | Dilution info - | Notes - |
Species | Dilution info | Notes |
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Species Human | Dilution info - | Notes - |
Species | Dilution info | Notes |
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Species Rat | Dilution info - | Notes - |
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Facilitator of innate immune signaling that acts as a sensor of cytosolic DNA from bacteria and viruses and promotes the production of type I interferon (IFN-alpha and IFN-beta) (PubMed:18724357, PubMed:18818105, PubMed:19433799, PubMed:19776740, PubMed:23027953, PubMed:23747010, PubMed:23910378, PubMed:27801882, PubMed:29973723, PubMed:30842659, PubMed:35045565, PubMed:35388221, PubMed:36808561, PubMed:37832545). Innate immune response is triggered in response to non-CpG double-stranded DNA from viruses and bacteria delivered to the cytoplasm (PubMed:26300263). Acts by binding cyclic dinucleotides: recognizes and binds cyclic di-GMP (c-di-GMP), a second messenger produced by bacteria, cyclic UMP-AMP (2',3'-cUAMP), and cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP), a messenger produced by CGAS in response to DNA virus in the cytosol (PubMed:21947006, PubMed:23258412, PubMed:23707065, PubMed:23722158, PubMed:23747010, PubMed:23910378, PubMed:26229117, PubMed:30842659, PubMed:35388221, PubMed:37379839). Upon binding to c-di-GMP, cUAMP or cGAMP, STING1 oligomerizes, translocates from the endoplasmic reticulum and is phosphorylated by TBK1 on the pLxIS motif, leading to recruitment and subsequent activation of the transcription factor IRF3 to induce expression of type I interferon and exert a potent anti-viral state (PubMed:22394562, PubMed:25636800, PubMed:29973723, PubMed:30842653, PubMed:35045565, PubMed:35388221). Exhibits 2',3' phosphodiester linkage-specific ligand recognition: can bind both 2'-3' linked cGAMP (2'-3'-cGAMP) and 3'-3' linked cGAMP but is preferentially activated by 2'-3' linked cGAMP (PubMed:23747010, PubMed:23910378, PubMed:26300263). The preference for 2'-3'-cGAMP, compared to other linkage isomers is probably due to the ligand itself, whichs adopts an organized free-ligand conformation that resembles the STING1-bound conformation and pays low energy costs in changing into the active conformation (PubMed:26150511). In addition to promote the production of type I interferons, plays a direct role in autophagy (PubMed:30568238, PubMed:30842662). Following cGAMP-binding, STING1 buds from the endoplasmic reticulum into COPII vesicles, which then form the endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC) (PubMed:30842662). The ERGIC serves as the membrane source for WIPI2 recruitment and LC3 lipidation, leading to formation of autophagosomes that target cytosolic DNA or DNA viruses for degradation by the lysosome (PubMed:30842662). Promotes autophagy by acting as a proton channel that directs proton efflux from the Golgi to facilitate MAP1LC3B/LC3B lipidation (PubMed:37535724). The autophagy- and interferon-inducing activities can be uncoupled and autophagy induction is independent of TBK1 phosphorylation (PubMed:30568238, PubMed:30842662). Autophagy is also triggered upon infection by bacteria: following c-di-GMP-binding, which is produced by live Gram-positive bacteria, promotes reticulophagy (By similarity). May be involved in translocon function, the translocon possibly being able to influence the induction of type I interferons (PubMed:18724357). May be involved in transduction of apoptotic signals via its association with the major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II) (By similarity).(Microbial infection) Antiviral activity is antagonized by oncoproteins, such as papillomavirus (HPV) protein E7 and adenovirus early E1A protein (PubMed:26405230). Such oncoproteins prevent the ability to sense cytosolic DNA (PubMed:26405230).
ERIS, MITA, STING, TMEM173, STING, MITA, ERIS, STING1, TMEM173, Stimulator of interferon genes protein, hSTING, Endoplasmic reticulum interferon stimulator, Mediator of IRF3 activation, Transmembrane protein 173, ERIS, hMITA
Rabbit Recombinant Monoclonal STING antibody. Carrier free. Suitable for WB, IHC-P, ICC/IF, Flow Cyt (Intra) and reacts with Human, Rat samples.
IgG
Rabbit
pH: 7.2 - 7.4
Constituents: PBS
Liquid
Monoclonal
Yes
SP338
Affinity purification Protein A/G
Purified from TCS by protein A/G.
Blue Ice
+4°C
+4°C
Do Not Freeze
ab238795 is the carrier-free version of Anti-STING antibody [SP338] ab227704.
This product is a recombinant monoclonal antibody, which offers several advantages including:
For more information, read more on recombinant antibodies.
This product is FOR RESEARCH USE ONLY. For commercial use, please contact partnerships@abcam.com.
Our carrier-free antibodies are typically supplied in a PBS-only formulation, purified and free of BSA, sodium azide and glycerol. The carrier-free buffer and high concentration allow for increased conjugation efficiency.
This conjugation-ready format is designed for use with fluorochromes, metal isotopes, oligonucleotides, and enzymes, which makes them ideal for antibody labelling, functional and cell-based assays, flow-based assays (e.g. mass cytometry) and Multiplex Imaging applications.
Use our conjugation kits for antibody conjugates that are ready-to-use in as little as 20 minutes with 1 minute hands-on-time and 100% antibody recovery: available for fluorescent dyes, HRP, biotin and gold.
This product is compatible with the Maxpar® Antibody Labeling Kit from Fluidigm, without the need for antibody preparation. Maxpar® is a trademark of Fluidigm Canada Inc.
This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.
The stimulator of interferon genes (STING) also known as TMEM173 or MPYS is a critical transmembrane protein with a molecular weight of approximately 42 kDa. It is primarily expressed in the endoplasmic reticulum of various cell types including immune cells where it plays a central role in sensing cytosolic DNA. STING binds to cyclic dinucleotides produced by the enzyme cGAS upon recognition of aberrant DNA in the cytosol. This binding initiates activation and translocation of STING to the Golgi apparatus facilitating further signaling events.
STING serves as a pivotal regulator in the innate immune response to viral and bacterial infections. It operates by forming a signaling complex with kinases and other effector proteins which subsequently leads to the activation of transcription factors such as IRF3 and NF-kB. These transcription factors then induce the expression of type I interferons and other cytokines important for mounting an effective antiviral response. The STING pathway therefore enhances the immune system's ability to detect and respond to pathogens.
The activity of STING is integral to the cGAS-STING pathway a significant cytosolic DNA-sensing pathway involved in innate immunity. Upon activation STING interacts with TBK1 a kinase that further phosphorylates IRF3 promoting its nuclear translocation and activation. Beyond this STING also intersects with pathways involving autophagy a cellular process necessary for clearing pathogens and damaged cellular components. Through these pathways STING critically contributes to upholding cellular homeostasis and immune defense.
The dysregulation of STING is linked to autoinflammatory diseases and certain cancers. Abnormal STING activation can lead to chronic inflammation a feature observed in diseases such as STING-associated vasculopathy with onset in infancy (SAVI). STING's role in cancer is also notable where its ability to activate immune cells can be harnessed in immunotherapy yet its chronic activation may promote tumorigenesis. In cancer STING often interacts with proteins like K-Ras influencing tumor growth and response to therapies.
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This species and application combination has not been tested, but we predict it will work based on strong homology. However, this combination is not covered by our product promise.
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Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) analysis of Rat spleen tissue sections labeling TMEM173 with Anti-STING antibody [SP338] ab227704 at 1/100 dilution (1.05 μg/ml). Heat mediated antigen retrieval with Tris-EDTA buffer (pH 9.0, epitope retrieval solution 2) for 10mins. Rabbit specific IHC polymer detection kit HRP/DAB (Rabbit specific IHC polymer detection kit HRP/DAB ab209101) was used as the secondary antibody. Hematoxylin was used as a counterstain. Positive staining on the rat spleen, performed on a Leica Biosystems BOND™ RX instrument.
The section was incubated with Anti-STING antibody [SP338] ab227704 for 10 mins at room temperature.
This image was generated using Anti-STING antibody [SP338] ab227704, the same clone, but with a different buffer formulation.
Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) analysis of Human colon tissue sections labeling TMEM173 with Anti-STING antibody [SP338] ab227704 at 1/100 dilution (1.05 μg/ml). Heat mediated antigen retrieval with Tris-EDTA buffer (pH 9.0, epitope retrieval solution 2) for 10mins. Rabbit specific IHC polymer detection kit HRP/DAB (Rabbit specific IHC polymer detection kit HRP/DAB ab209101) was used as the secondary antibody. Hematoxylin was used as a counterstain. Positive staining on the human colon, performed on a Leica Biosystems BOND™ RX instrument.
The section was incubated with Anti-STING antibody [SP338] ab227704 for 10 mins at room temperature. This image was generated using Anti-STING antibody [SP338] ab227704, the same clone, but with a different buffer formulation.
Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) analysis of Human tonsil tissue sections labeling TMEM173 with Anti-STING antibody [SP338] ab227704 at 1/100 dilution (1.05 μg/ml). Heat mediated antigen retrieval with Tris-EDTA buffer (pH 9.0, epitope retrieval solution 2) for 10mins. Rabbit specific IHC polymer detection kit HRP/DAB (Rabbit specific IHC polymer detection kit HRP/DAB ab209101) was used as the secondary antibody. Hematoxylin was used as a counterstain. Positive staining on the human tonsil, performed on a Leica Biosystems BOND™ RX instrument.
The section was incubated with Anti-STING antibody [SP338] ab227704 for 10 mins at room temperature. This image was generated using Anti-STING antibody [SP338] ab227704, the same clone, but with a different buffer formulation.
Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence analysis of THP-1 (human monocytic leukemia monocyte) cells labeling TMEM173 with purified Anti-STING antibody [SP338] ab227704 at 1/50 (2.1 μg/ml). Cells were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde and permeabilized with 0.1% Triton X-100. Cells were counterstained with Alexa Fluor® 594 Anti-alpha Tubulin antibody [DM1A] - Microtubule Marker ab195889 Anti-alpha Tubulin antibody [DM1A] - Microtubule Marker (Alexa Fluor® 594) 1/200 (2.5 μg/ml). Goat anti rabbit IgG (Alexa Fluor® 488, Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (Alexa Fluor® 488) ab150077) was used as the secondary antibody at 1/1000 (2 μg/ml) dilution. DAPI was used as nuclear counterstain. PBS instead of the primary antibody was used as the secondary antibody only control.
This image was generated using Anti-STING antibody [SP338] ab227704, the same clone, but with a different buffer formulation.
Intracellular Flow Cytometry analysis of THP-1 (human monocytic leukemia monocyte) labeling TMEM173 with purified Anti-STING antibody [SP338] ab227704 at 1/20 dilution (5.25μg/ml) (red). Cells were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde and permeabilised with 90% methanol. Goat anti rabbit IgG (Alexa Fluor®488, Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (Alexa Fluor® 488) preadsorbed ab150081) at 1/2000 dilution was used as a secondary antibody. Isotype control -Rabbit monoclonal IgG (Rabbit IgG, monoclonal [EPR25A] - Isotype Control ab172730) / Black. Unlableled control -Unlabelled cells / blue.
This image was generated using Anti-STING antibody [SP338] ab227704, the same clone, but with a different buffer formulation.
Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded human lymph node tissue stained for TMEM173 using Anti-STING antibody [SP338] ab227704 at 1/100 dilution in immunohistochemical analysis.
This data was developed using the same antibody clone in a different buffer formulation containing PBS, BSA, glycerol, and sodium azide (Anti-STING antibody [SP338] ab227704).
Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded human lung adenocarcinoma tissue stained for TMEM173 using Anti-STING antibody [SP338] ab227704 at 1/100 dilution in immunohistochemical analysis.
This data was developed using the same antibody clone in a different buffer formulation containing PBS, BSA, glycerol, and sodium azide (Anti-STING antibody [SP338] ab227704).
Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded human tonsil tissue stained for TMEM173 using Anti-STING antibody [SP338] ab227704 at 1/100 dilution in immunohistochemical analysis.
This data was developed using the same antibody clone in a different buffer formulation containing PBS, BSA, and sodium azide (Anti-STING antibody [SP338] ab227704).
Intracellular flow cytometric analysis of THP-1 (human monocytic leukemia cell line) cell line labeling TMEM173 with Anti-STING antibody [SP338] ab227704 at 1/400 dilution (green) compared with a rabbit IgG negative control (blue).
This data was developed using the same antibody clone in a different buffer formulation containing PBS, BSA, glycerol, and sodium azide (Anti-STING antibody [SP338] ab227704).
Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded human colon tissue stained for TMEM173 using Anti-STING antibody [SP338] ab227704 at 1/100 dilution in immunohistochemical analysis.
This data was developed using the same antibody clone in a different buffer formulation containing PBS, BSA, glycerol, and sodium azide (Anti-STING antibody [SP338] ab227704).
Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded human spleen tissue stained for TMEM173 using Anti-STING antibody [SP338] ab227704 at 1/100 dilution in immunohistochemical analysis.
This data was developed using the same antibody clone in a different buffer formulation containing PBS, BSA, glycerol, and sodium azide (Anti-STING antibody [SP338] ab227704).
Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded human colon adenocarcinoma tissue stained for TMEM173 using Anti-STING antibody [SP338] ab227704 at 1/100 dilution in immunohistochemical analysis.
This data was developed using the same antibody clone in a different buffer formulation containing PBS, BSA, glycerol, and sodium azide (Anti-STING antibody [SP338] ab227704).
Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded human lung tissue stained for TMEM173 using Anti-STING antibody [SP338] ab227704 at 1/100 dilution in immunohistochemical analysis.
This data was developed using the same antibody clone in a different buffer formulation containing PBS, BSA, glycerol, and sodium azide (Anti-STING antibody [SP338] ab227704).
Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded human thymus tissue stained for TMEM173 using Anti-STING antibody [SP338] ab227704 at 1/100 dilution in immunohistochemical analysis.
This data was developed using the same antibody clone in a different buffer formulation containing PBS, BSA, glycerol, and sodium azide (Anti-STING antibody [SP338] ab227704).
Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded human lung squamous cell carcinoma tissue stained for TMEM173 using Anti-STING antibody [SP338] ab227704 at 1/100 dilution in immunohistochemical analysis.
This data was developed using the same antibody clone in a different buffer formulation containing PBS, BSA, glycerol, and sodium azide (Anti-STING antibody [SP338] ab227704).
Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded human pancreatic adenocarcinoma tissue stained for TMEM173 using Anti-STING antibody [SP338] ab227704 at 1/100 dilution in immunohistochemical analysis.
This data was developed using the same antibody clone in a different buffer formulation containing PBS, BSA, glycerol, and sodium azide (Anti-STING antibody [SP338] ab227704).
Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded human pancreatic adenocarcinoma tissue stained for TMEM173 using Anti-STING antibody [SP338] ab227704 at 1/100 dilution in immunohistochemical analysis.
This data was developed using the same antibody clone in a different buffer formulation containing PBS, BSA, glycerol, and sodium azide (Anti-STING antibody [SP338] ab227704).
This data was developed using Anti-STING antibody [SP338] ab227704, the same antibody clone in a different buffer formulation.
Anti-STING antibody [SP338] ab227704 was shown to react with STING1 in wild-type THP-1 cells in Western blot with loss of signal observed in STING1 knockout cell line Human TMEM173 knockout THP-1 cell line ab270493. Wild-type THP-1 and STING1 knockout cell lysates were subjected to SDS-PAGE. Membranes were blocked in 5% milk in TBST for 1 hr before incubation with Anti-STING antibody [SP338] ab227704 overnight at 4 °C at a 1/200 dilution. Blots were incubated with secondary antibodies at 0.2 µg/mL before imaging.
These data were provided by YCharOS Inc., an open science company with the mission of characterizing commercially available antibody reagents for all human proteins. Abcam and YCharOS are working together to help address the reproducibility crisis by enabling the life science community to better evaluate commercially available antibodies.
All lanes: Western blot - Anti-STING antibody [SP338] (Anti-STING antibody [SP338] ab227704) at 1/200 dilution
Lane 1: Wild-type THP-1 lysate at 40 µg
Lane 2: STING1 knock-out THP-1 lysate at 40 µg
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