Anti-STING antibody [SP339] - BSA and Azide free (ab238796)

Rabbit Recombinant Monoclonal STING antibody. Carrier free. Suitable for WB, IHC-P, Flow Cyt (Intra) and reacts with Human samples. Cited in 1 publication.

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Images

Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - Anti-STING antibody [SP339] - BSA and Azide free (AB238796), expandable thumbnail

Publications

Key facts

Isotype: IgG
Host species: Rabbit
Storage buffer: pH: 7.2 - 7.4
Constituents: PBS
Form: Liquid
Clonality: Monoclonal

Immunogen

The exact immunogen used to generate this antibody is proprietary information.

Reactivity data

Select an application

Product promiseTestedExpectedPredictedNot recommended

	WB	IHC-P	Flow Cyt (Intra)
Human	Tested	Tested	Tested
Cow	Predicted	Predicted	Predicted
Pig	Predicted	Predicted	Predicted

Tested
Tested

Species	Dilution info	Notes
Species Human	Dilution info -	Notes Primary incubation for 1 hour at room temperature.

Predicted
Predicted

Species	Dilution info	Notes
Species Cow, Pig	Dilution info -	Notes -

Tested
Tested

Species	Dilution info	Notes
Species Human	Dilution info -	Notes Perform heat mediated antigen retrieval with EDTA buffer pH 8.0 before commencing with IHC staining protocol. Primary incubation for 10 minutes at room temperature.

Predicted
Predicted

Species	Dilution info	Notes
Species Cow, Pig	Dilution info -	Notes -

Tested
Tested

Species	Dilution info	Notes
Species Human	Dilution info -	Notes Primary incubation for 30 minutes at 4Â°C.

Predicted
Predicted

Species	Dilution info	Notes
Species Cow, Pig	Dilution info -	Notes -

Associated Products

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Target data

See full target information STING1

Function

Facilitator of innate immune signaling that acts as a sensor of cytosolic DNA from bacteria and viruses and promotes the production of type I interferon (IFN-alpha and IFN-beta) (PubMed:18724357, PubMed:18818105, PubMed:19433799, PubMed:19776740, PubMed:23027953, PubMed:23747010, PubMed:23910378, PubMed:27801882, PubMed:29973723, PubMed:30842659, PubMed:35045565, PubMed:35388221, PubMed:36808561, PubMed:37832545). Innate immune response is triggered in response to non-CpG double-stranded DNA from viruses and bacteria delivered to the cytoplasm (PubMed:26300263). Acts by binding cyclic dinucleotides: recognizes and binds cyclic di-GMP (c-di-GMP), a second messenger produced by bacteria, cyclic UMP-AMP (2',3'-cUAMP), and cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP), a messenger produced by CGAS in response to DNA virus in the cytosol (PubMed:21947006, PubMed:23258412, PubMed:23707065, PubMed:23722158, PubMed:23747010, PubMed:23910378, PubMed:26229117, PubMed:30842659, PubMed:35388221, PubMed:37379839). Upon binding to c-di-GMP, cUAMP or cGAMP, STING1 oligomerizes, translocates from the endoplasmic reticulum and is phosphorylated by TBK1 on the pLxIS motif, leading to recruitment and subsequent activation of the transcription factor IRF3 to induce expression of type I interferon and exert a potent anti-viral state (PubMed:22394562, PubMed:25636800, PubMed:29973723, PubMed:30842653, PubMed:35045565, PubMed:35388221). Exhibits 2',3' phosphodiester linkage-specific ligand recognition: can bind both 2'-3' linked cGAMP (2'-3'-cGAMP) and 3'-3' linked cGAMP but is preferentially activated by 2'-3' linked cGAMP (PubMed:23747010, PubMed:23910378, PubMed:26300263). The preference for 2'-3'-cGAMP, compared to other linkage isomers is probably due to the ligand itself, whichs adopts an organized free-ligand conformation that resembles the STING1-bound conformation and pays low energy costs in changing into the active conformation (PubMed:26150511). In addition to promote the production of type I interferons, plays a direct role in autophagy (PubMed:30568238, PubMed:30842662). Following cGAMP-binding, STING1 buds from the endoplasmic reticulum into COPII vesicles, which then form the endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC) (PubMed:30842662). The ERGIC serves as the membrane source for WIPI2 recruitment and LC3 lipidation, leading to formation of autophagosomes that target cytosolic DNA or DNA viruses for degradation by the lysosome (PubMed:30842662). Promotes autophagy by acting as a proton channel that directs proton efflux from the Golgi to facilitate MAP1LC3B/LC3B lipidation (PubMed:37535724). The autophagy- and interferon-inducing activities can be uncoupled and autophagy induction is independent of TBK1 phosphorylation (PubMed:30568238, PubMed:30842662). Autophagy is also triggered upon infection by bacteria: following c-di-GMP-binding, which is produced by live Gram-positive bacteria, promotes reticulophagy (By similarity). May be involved in translocon function, the translocon possibly being able to influence the induction of type I interferons (PubMed:18724357). May be involved in transduction of apoptotic signals via its association with the major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II) (By similarity). (Microbial infection) Antiviral activity is antagonized by oncoproteins, such as papillomavirus (HPV) protein E7 and adenovirus early E1A protein (PubMed:26405230). Such oncoproteins prevent the ability to sense cytosolic DNA (PubMed:26405230).

Alternative names

ERIS, MITA, STING, TMEM173, STING1, Stimulator of interferon genes protein, hSTING, Endoplasmic reticulum interferon stimulator, Mediator of IRF3 activation, Transmembrane protein 173, hMITA

Recommended products

Rabbit Recombinant Monoclonal STING antibody. Carrier free. Suitable for WB, IHC-P, Flow Cyt (Intra) and reacts with Human samples. Cited in 1 publication.

Key facts

Isotype: IgG
Host species: Rabbit
Storage buffer: pH: 7.2 - 7.4
Constituents: PBS
Form: Liquid
Clonality: Monoclonal
Immunogen: The exact immunogen used to generate this antibody is proprietary information.
Carrier free: Yes
Clone number: SP339
Purification technique: Affinity purification Protein A/G
Concentration
Purification notes: Purified from TCS by protein A/G.

Storage

Shipped at conditions: Blue Ice
Appropriate short-term storage conditions: +4°C
Appropriate long-term storage conditions: +4°C
Storage information: Do Not Freeze

Notes

ab238796 is the carrier-free version of Anti-STING antibody [SP339] ab227705.

What are the advantages of a recombinant monoclonal antibody?

This product is a recombinant monoclonal antibody, which offers several advantages including:

- High batch-to-batch consistency and reproducibility
- Improved sensitivity and specificity
- Long-term security of supply
- Animal-free batch production

For more information, read more on recombinant antibodies.

Conjugation ready

Our carrier-free antibodies are typically supplied in a PBS-only formulation, purified and free of BSA, sodium azide and glycerol. This conjugation-ready format is designed for use with fluorochromes, metal isotopes, oligonucleotides, and enzymes, which makes them ideal for antibody labelling, functional and cell-based assays, flow-based assays (e.g. mass cytometry) and Multiplex Imaging applications.

Use our conjugation kits for antibody conjugates that are ready-to-use in as little as 20 minutes with 1 minute hands-on-time and 100% antibody recovery: available for fluorescent dyes, HRP, biotin and gold.

Compatibility

This product is compatible with the Maxpar^® Antibody Labeling Kit from Fluidigm, without the need for antibody preparation. Maxpar^® is a trademark of Fluidigm Canada Inc.

Supplementary info

This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.

Activity summary

The stimulator of interferon genes (STING) also known as TMEM173 or MPYS is a critical transmembrane protein with a molecular weight of approximately 42 kDa. It is primarily expressed in the endoplasmic reticulum of various cell types including immune cells where it plays a central role in sensing cytosolic DNA. STING binds to cyclic dinucleotides produced by the enzyme cGAS upon recognition of aberrant DNA in the cytosol. This binding initiates activation and translocation of STING to the Golgi apparatus facilitating further signaling events.

Biological function summary

STING serves as a pivotal regulator in the innate immune response to viral and bacterial infections. It operates by forming a signaling complex with kinases and other effector proteins which subsequently leads to the activation of transcription factors such as IRF3 and NF-kB. These transcription factors then induce the expression of type I interferons and other cytokines important for mounting an effective antiviral response. The STING pathway therefore enhances the immune system's ability to detect and respond to pathogens.

Pathways

The activity of STING is integral to the cGAS-STING pathway a significant cytosolic DNA-sensing pathway involved in innate immunity. Upon activation STING interacts with TBK1 a kinase that further phosphorylates IRF3 promoting its nuclear translocation and activation. Beyond this STING also intersects with pathways involving autophagy a cellular process necessary for clearing pathogens and damaged cellular components. Through these pathways STING critically contributes to upholding cellular homeostasis and immune defense.

Associated diseases and disorders

The dysregulation of STING is linked to autoinflammatory diseases and certain cancers. Abnormal STING activation can lead to chronic inflammation a feature observed in diseases such as STING-associated vasculopathy with onset in infancy (SAVI). STING's role in cancer is also notable where its ability to activate immune cells can be harnessed in immunotherapy yet its chronic activation may promote tumorigenesis. In cancer STING often interacts with proteins like K-Ras influencing tumor growth and response to therapies.

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17 product images

Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - Anti-STING antibody [SP339] - BSA and Azide free (ab238796)
Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) analysis of Human colon carcinoma tissue sections labeling TMEM173 with Anti-STING antibody [SP339] ab227705 at 1/100 dilution (2.5 μg/ml). Heat mediated antigen retrieval with Tris-EDTA buffer (pH 9.0, epitope retrieval solution 2) for 10mins. Rabbit specific IHC polymer detection kit HRP/DAB (Rabbit specific IHC polymer detection kit HRP/DAB ab209101) was used as the secondary antibody. Hematoxylin was used as a counterstain. Positive staining on the human colon carcinoma, performed on a Leica Biosystems BOND™ RX instrument.
The section was incubated with Anti-STING antibody [SP339] ab227705 for 10 mins at room temperature. This image was generated using Anti-STING antibody [SP339] ab227705, the same clone, but with a different buffer formulation.
Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - Anti-STING antibody [SP339] - BSA and Azide free (ab238796)
Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) analysis of Human tonsil tissue sections labeling TMEM173 with Anti-STING antibody [SP339] ab227705 at 1/100 dilution (2.5 μg/ml). Heat mediated antigen retrieval with Tris-EDTA buffer (pH 9.0, epitope retrieval solution 2) for 10mins. Rabbit specific IHC polymer detection kit HRP/DAB (Rabbit specific IHC polymer detection kit HRP/DAB ab209101) was used as the secondary antibody. Hematoxylin was used as a counterstain. Positive staining on the human tonsil, performed on a Leica Biosystems BOND™ RX instrument.
The section was incubated with Anti-STING antibody [SP339] ab227705 for 10 mins at room temperature. This image was generated using Anti-STING antibody [SP339] ab227705, the same clone, but with a different buffer formulation.
Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - Anti-STING antibody [SP339] - BSA and Azide free (ab238796)
Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded human thymus tissue stained for TMEM173 using Anti-STING antibody [SP339] ab227705 at 1/100 dilution in immunohistochemical analysis.
This data was developed using the same antibody clone in a different buffer formulation containing PBS, BSA, and sodium azide (Anti-STING antibody [SP339] ab227705).
Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - Anti-STING antibody [SP339] - BSA and Azide free (ab238796)
Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded human pancreatic adenocarcinoma tissue stained for TMEM173 using Anti-STING antibody [SP339] ab227705 at 1/100 dilution in immunohistochemical analysis.
This data was developed using the same antibody clone in a different buffer formulation containing PBS, BSA, glycerol, and sodium azide (Anti-STING antibody [SP339] ab227705).
Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - Anti-STING antibody [SP339] - BSA and Azide free (ab238796)
Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded human tonsil tissue stained for TMEM173 using Anti-STING antibody [SP339] ab227705 at 1/100 dilution in immunohistochemical analysis.
This data was developed using the same antibody clone in a different buffer formulation containing PBS, BSA, glycerol, and sodium azide (Anti-STING antibody [SP339] ab227705).
Flow Cytometry (Intracellular) - Anti-STING antibody [SP339] - BSA and Azide free (ab238796)
Intracellular flow cytometric analysis of THP-1 (human monocytic leukemia cell line) cell line labeling TMEM173 with Anti-STING antibody [SP339] ab227705 at 1/400 dilution (green) compared with a Rabbit IgG negative control (blue).
This data was developed using the same antibody clone in a different buffer formulation containing PBS, BSA, glycerol, and sodium azide (Anti-STING antibody [SP339] ab227705).
Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - Anti-STING antibody [SP339] - BSA and Azide free (ab238796)
Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded human lung adenocarcinoma tissue stained for TMEM173 using Anti-STING antibody [SP339] ab227705 at 1/100 dilution in immunohistochemical analysis.
This data was developed using the same antibody clone in a different buffer formulation containing PBS, BSA, glycerol, and sodium azide (Anti-STING antibody [SP339] ab227705).
Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - Anti-STING antibody [SP339] - BSA and Azide free (ab238796)
Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded human colon tissue stained for TMEM173 using Anti-STING antibody [SP339] ab227705 at 1/100 dilution in immunohistochemical analysis.
This data was developed using the same antibody clone in a different buffer formulation containing PBS, BSA, glycerol, and sodium azide (Anti-STING antibody [SP339] ab227705).
Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - Anti-STING antibody [SP339] - BSA and Azide free (ab238796)
Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded human lung tissue stained for TMEM173 using Anti-STING antibody [SP339] ab227705 at 1/100 dilution in immunohistochemical analysis.
This data was developed using the same antibody clone in a different buffer formulation containing PBS, BSA, glycerol, and sodium azide (Anti-STING antibody [SP339] ab227705).
Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - Anti-STING antibody [SP339] - BSA and Azide free (ab238796)
Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded human lymph node tissue stained for TMEM173 using Anti-STING antibody [SP339] ab227705 at 1/100 dilution in immunohistochemical analysis.
This data was developed using the same antibody clone in a different buffer formulation containing PBS, BSA, glycerol, and sodium azide (Anti-STING antibody [SP339] ab227705).
Western blot - Anti-STING antibody [SP339] - BSA and Azide free (ab238796)
This data was developed using the same antibody clone in a different buffer formulation (Anti-STING antibody [SP339] ab227705).
Lanes 1 - 4: Merged signal (red and green). Green - Anti-STING antibody [SP339] ab227705 observed at 37 kDa. Red - loading control Anti-alpha Tubulin antibody [DM1A] - Loading Control ab7291 (Mouse anti-Alpha Tubulin [DM1A]) observed at 55 kDa.
Anti-STING antibody [SP339] ab227705 was shown to react with TMEM173 in wild-type THP-1 cells in Western blot with loss of signal observed in TMEM173 knockout cell line Human TMEM173 knockout THP-1 cell line ab270493 (TMEM173 knockout cell lysate Human TMEM173 knockout THP-1 cell lysate ab270516). Wild-type THP-1 and TMEM173 knockout cell lysates were subjected to SDS-PAGE. Membranes were blocked in fluorescent western blot (TBS-based) blocking solution before incubation with Anti-STING antibody [SP339] ab227705 and Anti-alpha Tubulin antibody [DM1A] - Loading Control ab7291 (Mouse anti-Alpha Tubulin [DM1A]) overnight at 4 °C at a 1 in 400 dilution and a 1 in 20000 dilution respectively. Blots were incubated with Goat anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (IRDye^® 800CW) preabsorbed (Goat anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (IRDye® 800CW) preadsorbed ab216773) and Goat anti-Mouse IgG H&L (IRDye^® 680RD) preabsorbed (Goat anti-Mouse IgG H&L (IRDye® 680RD) preadsorbed ab216776) secondary antibodies at 1 in 20000 dilution for 1 h at room temperature before imaging.
All lanes: Western blot - Anti-STING antibody [SP339] (Anti-STING antibody [SP339] ab227705) at 1/400 dilution
Lane 1: Wild-type THP-1 cell lysate at 20 µg
Lane 2: TMEM173 knockout THP-1 cell lysate at 20 µg
Lane 2: Western blot - Human TMEM173 knockout THP-1 cell line (Human TMEM173 knockout THP-1 cell line ab270493)
Lane 3: Human Tonsil tissue lysate at 20 µg
Lane 4: Human Thymus tissue lysate at 20 µg
Performed under reducing conditions.
Predicted band size: 42 kDa
Observed band size: 37 kDa
Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - Anti-STING antibody [SP339] - BSA and Azide free (ab238796)
Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded human HK lymphoma tissue stained for TMEM173 using Anti-STING antibody [SP339] ab227705 at 1/100 dilution in immunohistochemical analysis.
This data was developed using the same antibody clone in a different buffer formulation containing PBS, BSA, glycerol, and sodium azide (Anti-STING antibody [SP339] ab227705).
Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - Anti-STING antibody [SP339] - BSA and Azide free (ab238796)
Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded human lung squamous cell carcinoma tissue stained for TMEM173 using Anti-STING antibody [SP339] ab227705 at 1/100 dilution in immunohistochemical analysis.
This data was developed using the same antibody clone in a different buffer formulation containing PBS, BSA, glycerol, and sodium azide (Anti-STING antibody [SP339] ab227705).
Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - Anti-STING antibody [SP339] - BSA and Azide free (ab238796)
Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded human pancreatic adenocarcinoma tissue stained for TMEM173 using Anti-STING antibody [SP339] ab227705 at 1/100 dilution in immunohistochemical analysis.
This data was developed using the same antibody clone in a different buffer formulation containing PBS, BSA, glycerol, and sodium azide (Anti-STING antibody [SP339] ab227705).
Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - Anti-STING antibody [SP339] - BSA and Azide free (ab238796)
Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded human skin squamous cell carcinoma tissue stained for TMEM173 using Anti-STING antibody [SP339] ab227705 at 1/100 dilution in immunohistochemical analysis.
This data was developed using the same antibody clone in a different buffer formulation containing PBS, BSA, glycerol, and sodium azide (Anti-STING antibody [SP339] ab227705).
Flow Cytometry (Intracellular) - Anti-STING antibody [SP339] - BSA and Azide free (ab238796)
Intracellular Flow Cytometry analysis of THP-1 (human acute monocytic leukemia) labeling TMEM173 with purified Anti-STING antibody [SP339] ab227705 at 1/20 dilution (12.5μg/ml) (red). Cells were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde and permeabilised with 90% methanol. Goat anti rabbit IgG (Alexa Fluor^® 488, Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (Alexa Fluor® 488) preadsorbed ab150081) at 1/2000 dilution was used as a secondary antibody. Isotypecontrol - Rabbit monoclonal IgG (Rabbit IgG, monoclonal [EPR25A] - Isotype Control ab172730) (black). Unlableled control - Unlabelled cells (blue).
This data was developed using the same antibody clone in a different buffer formulation containing PBS, BSA, glycerol, and sodium azide (Anti-STING antibody [SP339] ab227705).
Western blot - Anti-STING antibody [SP339] - BSA and Azide free (ab238796)
This data was developed using Anti-STING antibody [SP339] ab227705, the same antibody clone in a different buffer formulation.
Anti-STING antibody [SP339] ab227705 was shown to react with STING1 in wild-type THP-1 cells in Western blot with loss of signal observed in STING1 knockout cell line Human TMEM173 knockout THP-1 cell line ab270493. Wild-type THP-1 and STING1 knockout cell lysates were subjected to SDS-PAGE. Membranes were blocked in 5% milk in TBST for 1 hr before incubation with Anti-STING antibody [SP339] ab227705 overnight at 4 °C at a 1/1000 dilution. Blots were incubated with secondary antibodies at 0.2 µg/mL before imaging.

These data were provided by YCharOS Inc., an open science company with the mission of characterizing commercially available antibody reagents for all human proteins. Abcam and YCharOS are working together to help address the reproducibility crisis by enabling the life science community to better evaluate commercially available antibodies.
All lanes: Western blot - Anti-STING antibody [SP339] (Anti-STING antibody [SP339] ab227705) at 1/1000 dilution
Lane 1: Wild-type THP-1 lysate at 40 µg
Lane 2: STING1 knock-out THP-1 lysate at 40 µg