Anti-Sulfotyrosine antibody [Sulfo-1C-A2]

Supplementary info

This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.

Activity summary

Sulfotyrosine is a post-translational modification of the amino acid tyrosine where a sulfate group gets added to the phenolic hydroxyl moiety. This process is known as tyrosine sulfation and plays a critical role in protein-protein interactions. Tyrosine sulfation occurs primarily in the Golgi apparatus and is mediated by tyrosylprotein sulfotransferases. It doesn't refer to a single protein but rather the chemical modification found on various proteins. The distinct molecular mass for the modification itself is about 80 Da taking into account the addition of the sulfate group. This modification mostly appears in secretory and membrane proteins across a wide range of tissues and organisms.

Biological function summary

The sulfotyrosine modification significantly enhances the binding properties of proteins involved in diverse biological processes. It affects proteins such as adhesion molecules G protein-coupled receptors and coagulation factors often being essential for their proper function. Many proteins containing sulfotyrosine participate in forming multi-protein complexes that mediate cell signaling and communication.

Pathways

Sulfotyrosine modifications integrate notably into signal transduction and immune response pathways. Proteins like P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1) and chemokine receptors such as CCR5 require sulfotyrosine for optimal receptor-ligand interactions which impacts leukocyte trafficking and chemotaxis. These modifications often serve as docking sites for other proteins coordinating complex pathways important for cellular responses.

Associated diseases and disorders

Sulfotyrosine modifications have implications in inflammatory diseases and cancer. The modification plays a role in mediating the interactions involving proteins like PSGL-1 in immune response pathways which are critical in inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis. Additionally abnormal tyrosine sulfation on chemokine receptors like CCR5 has associations with the metastatic properties of cancer influencing both tumor development and immune evasion mechanisms. Their correlation emphasizes the importance of understanding sulfotyrosine's functional roles in disease pathogenesis.