Rabbit Multiclonal TAU phospho T231 antibody. Suitable for ICC/IF, IHC-P, WB and reacts with Human, Rat samples. Immunogen corresponding to Synthetic Peptide within Human MAPT phospho T231.
pH: 7.4
Preservative: 0.09% Sodium azide
Constituents: 99.91% PBS
ICC/IF | IHC-P | WB | |
---|---|---|---|
Human | Tested | Tested | Expected |
Rat | Expected | Tested | Tested |
Species | Dilution info | Notes |
---|---|---|
Species Human | Dilution info 1/500 | Notes - |
Species | Dilution info | Notes |
---|---|---|
Species Rat | Dilution info Use at an assay dependent concentration. | Notes - |
Species | Dilution info | Notes |
---|---|---|
Species Human | Dilution info 1/100 | Notes Perform heat-mediated antigen retrieval via the microwave method before commencing with IHC staining protocol. |
Species Rat | Dilution info 1/300 | Notes Perform heat-mediated antigen retrieval via the microwave method before commencing with IHC staining protocol. |
Species | Dilution info | Notes |
---|---|---|
Species Rat | Dilution info 1/1000 | Notes - |
Species | Dilution info | Notes |
---|---|---|
Species Human | Dilution info Use at an assay dependent concentration. | Notes - |
Promotes microtubule assembly and stability, and might be involved in the establishment and maintenance of neuronal polarity (PubMed:21985311). The C-terminus binds axonal microtubules while the N-terminus binds neural plasma membrane components, suggesting that tau functions as a linker protein between both (PubMed:21985311, PubMed:32961270). Axonal polarity is predetermined by TAU/MAPT localization (in the neuronal cell) in the domain of the cell body defined by the centrosome. The short isoforms allow plasticity of the cytoskeleton whereas the longer isoforms may preferentially play a role in its stabilization.
MAPTL, MTBT1, TAU, MAPT, Microtubule-associated protein tau, Neurofibrillary tangle protein, Paired helical filament-tau, PHF-tau
Rabbit Multiclonal TAU phospho T231 antibody. Suitable for ICC/IF, IHC-P, WB and reacts with Human, Rat samples. Immunogen corresponding to Synthetic Peptide within Human MAPT phospho T231.
pH: 7.4
Preservative: 0.09% Sodium azide
Constituents: 99.91% PBS
Recombinant multiclonals are a mixture of recombinant antibodies co-expressed from a library of heavy and light chains.
Recombinant multiclonal antibodies offer the sensitivity of polyclonal antibodies by recognising multiple epitopes, along with consistency of a recombinant antibody.
Tau also known as microtubule-associated protein Tau (MAPT) plays an important role in stabilizing microtubules in neuronal cells. Tau is primarily found in the central nervous system but also exists in peripheral neurons. Human Tau protein comes in six isoforms due to alternative splicing with molecular weights ranging from 48 kDa to 67 kDa. This protein predominantly locates in the axons of neurons where it maintains the stability of microtubule tracks necessary for axonal transport.
Tau is involved in the assembly and stabilization of microtubules essential for maintaining neuronal structure. It interacts with microtubule-binding domains (MBD) to bind and bundle microtubules facilitating intracellular transport. Tau forms a part of the neuronal cytoskeleton complex working closely with other cytoskeletal proteins to preserve the proper axonal transport and function. Abnormally phosphorylated Tau often termed phospho-Tau disrupts this complex affecting microtubule stability.
Tau has critical involvement in several signaling cascades such as the microtubule-binding and transport pathways. Glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3β) and cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) frequently phosphorylate Tau controlling its interaction with microtubules. Phosphorylated Tau accumulates leading to the formation of neurofibrillary tangles often observed in neurodegenerative conditions. Additionally Tau interacts with GAPDH impacting cellular energy regulation through potential pathway cross-talk involving oxidative stress responses.
Tau is closely associated with Alzheimer's disease and frontotemporal dementia. In Alzheimer's disease hyperphosphorylated Tau aggregates into paired helical filaments forming neurofibrillary tangles while similar aggregates are observed in frontotemporal dementia. In these conditions Tau links to amyloid precursor protein (APP) where misregulated phosphorylation-driven interactions contribute to neurodegeneration. Identifying phospho-Tau and its altered interactions with related proteins aids in understanding and potentially treating these disorders.
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Terms & Conditions.
Western blot analysis of Tau (phospho T231)was performed by rat brain lysate (lane 1) using 4-12% Bis-Tris gel, electrophoresis system with a pre-stained protein standard. Proteins were transferred to a nitrocellulose membrane and blocked with 5% skim milk for 1 hour at room temperature. Tau (pT231) was detected at ~55 kDa using ab307987 at a 1/1000 dilution in 2.5% skim milk at 4°C overnight on a rocking platform. To confirm specificity, competition was performed with the phosphopeptide (10 µg/mL) (lane 2). Detection was performed using an HRP-conjugated Goat anti-Rabbit secondary antibody at a 1/5000 dilution and chemiluminescent detection was performed (ECL).
All lanes: Western blot - Anti-Tau (phospho T231) antibody [RP23040023] (ab307987) at 1/1000 dilution
Lane 1: rat brain lysate at 20 µg
Lane 2: rat brain lysate with phosphopeptide at 20 µg
All lanes: HRP-conjugated Goat anti-Rabbit secondary antibody at 1/5000 dilution
Developed using the ECL technique.
Observed band size: 55 kDa
For immunofluorescence analysis, 70% confluent log phase HeLa cells were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde for 15 minutes, permeabilized with 0. 25% Triton X-100 for 10 minutes, and blocked with 5% BSA for 1 hour at room temperature then stained for Tau (phospho T231) using ab307987 at 1/500 dilution and incubated for 3 hours at room temperature, then labeled with Alexa Fluor® 488 Goat anti-Rabbit IgG secondary antibody at a dilution of 1/400 for 30 minutes at room temperature (Panel a: green).
Nuclei were stained with DAPI (Panel b: blue).
F-actin was stained with Alexa Fluor® 594 phalloidin (Panel c: red)
Panel d is a merged image showing nuclear localization and panel e shows competition with the phospho-Tau (pT231) peptide. The images were captured at 20X magnification.
Paraffin-embedded rat brain tissue stained for Tau (phospho T231) using ab307987 at 1/300 overnight at 4°C in a humidified chamber (right) compared to a negative control without primary antibody (left). To expose target proteins, antigen retrieval was performed using 10 mM sodium citrate (pH 6.0), microwaved for 8-15 min. Following antigen retrieval, tissues were blocked in 3% H2O2-methanol for 15 min at room temperature. Tissues were washed extensively in PBST and detection was performed using a HRP-conjugated secondary antibody followed by colorimetric detection using a DAB kit. Tissues were counterstained with hematoxylin and dehydrated with ethanol and xylene to prep for mounting.
Western blot analysis of Tau (phospho T231) in total rat brain lysate using ab307987 at a dilution of 2.5µg/mL. To confirm specificity, competition was performed by preincubation with phosphopeptide to inhibit antibody binding (lane 2). Samples were detected using chemiluminescence (ECL).
All lanes: Western blot - Anti-Tau (phospho T231) antibody [RP23040023] (ab307987) at 2.5 µg/mL
Lane 1: total rat brain lysate without phosphopeptide
Lane 2: total rat brain lysate with phosphopeptide
Developed using the ECL technique.
Observed band size: 56 kDa
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human glioma tissue labeling Phospho-Tau pThr231 with ab307987 at 1/100 dilution (right) and without ab307987 (left) followed by HRP-conjugated secondary antibody followed by colorimetric detection using a DAB kit. The sections were incubated with ab307987 overnight at 4degC. Counter stained with hematoxylin and dehydrated with ethanol and xylene to prep for mounting. Antigen retrieval was performed using 10mM sodium citrate (pH 6.0), microwaved for 8-15 min. Following antigen retrieval, tissues were blocked in 3% H2O2-methanol for 15 min at room temperature, washed with ddH2O and PBS. Tissues were washed extensively in PBST.
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