Anti-TC21 antibody

Supplementary info

This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.

Activity summary

TC21 also known as R-Ras2 is a small GTPase with a molecular mass of approximately 23 kDa. It belongs to the Ras superfamily of proteins and plays an important role in signal transduction. TC21 switches between inactive GDP-bound and active GTP-bound states participating in the propagation of signals within the cell. The protein is expressed in a variety of tissues with significant levels found in the brain lung and lymphoid organs. Its activity is tightly regulated through interactions with guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) and GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs).

Biological function summary

TC21 influences various cellular processes such as cell growth survival and differentiation. It is active in several signaling pathways contributing to the regulation of cytoskeletal organization and cell adhesion. TC21 is part of larger signaling complexes that engage in mitogenic signaling and influences the function of integrins. These activities position TC21 as a dynamic regulator of cellular behavior allowing it to coordinate and fine-tune responses to extracellular signals.

Pathways

TC21 is integral to the PI3K/AKT and MAPK signaling pathways. In these pathways TC21 interacts with related proteins like PI3K and RAF1 to transmit signals that promote cell proliferation and survival. The PI3K/AKT pathway for instance involves TC21 in the downstream activation of AKT influencing metabolism growth and apoptosis. It also connects with the MAPK pathway contributing to gene expression changes and facilitating cellular responses to growth stimuli.

Associated diseases and disorders

Alterations in TC21 function link to oncogenic processes including breast cancer and leukemia. Overexpression or mutations in the TC21 gene can lead to abnormal signaling enhancing cell proliferation and resisting apoptosis. In these oncogenic pathways TC21 often partners with other Ras family members like HRAS which cooperate to drive tumorigenesis. Understanding TC21's role in these pathways aids in the development of targeted therapies aiming to disrupt its pathological signaling activities.