Anti-TCR gamma + TCR delta antibody [V65]

Supplementary info

This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.

Activity summary

The TCR gamma + TCR delta also known as gamma delta T-cell receptor is a part of the T-cell receptor (TCR) family. It has alternative names like gammadelta TCR or simply TCRδ/γ. The gamma and delta chains form a heterodimer that is part of the cell surface receptor complex. This complex is important for ligand recognition and immune response. The mass of the TCR gamma and TCR delta chains is not specified but they form between ZAP-70 and the CD3 complex on the surface of a subset of T-cells. These receptors are mainly expressed on gamma delta T-cells which are a minor population of T-cells in peripheral blood but more abundant in mucosal tissues and epithelial layers.

Biological function summary

TCR gamma and TCR delta are involved in recognizing antigens without presentation by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules. The receptor complex allows these cells to respond to a diverse range of non-peptide antigens mostly derived from microbial origin including phosphoantigens and lipids. This enables gamma delta T-cells to bridge innate and adaptive immunity. They do not always require antigen processing and can recognize antigens directly contributing efficiently to immune surveillance and early response to infections and cellular stress.

Pathways

TCR gamma and TCR delta are important in the signaling networks that mediate immune responses. They are involved in pathways such as the nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. These pathways promote the activation proliferation and differentiation of T-cells upon antigen recognition. The TCR complex including CD3 plays a role in these signal transduction events and ZAP-70 a protein tyrosine kinase is key for initiating these pathways upon TCR activation.

Associated diseases and disorders

Mutations or dysregulation in TCR gamma and TCR delta can lead to immune-related conditions. For example abnormalities in these receptors have been linked to autoimmune diseases such as celiac disease and multiple sclerosis. Their role in these disorders is related to faulty recognition and response to autoantigens leading to inappropriate immune responses. Additionally gamma delta T-cells and their receptors are of interest in cancer research as they participate in tumor immunosurveillance. Connections with molecules like CD3 and ZAP-70 facilitate ongoing exploration for therapeutic interventions targeting immune-related pathologies.