Anti-TDG antibody [EPR8774]

Supplementary info

This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.

Activity summary

TDG also known as thymine DNA glycosylase is an enzyme that plays a critical role in DNA repair. It has a molecular mass of approximately 45 kDa. TDG removes thymine and other modified bases from DNA that are paired with guanine which initiates the process of base excision repair. This mechanism is essential for maintaining genomic integrity. TDG is expressed in various tissues including the brain liver and testes reflecting its importance in diverse physiological contexts.

Biological function summary

Thymine DNA glycosylase is involved in the active DNA demethylation process. It participates in the DNA repair machinery as part of the base excision repair complex interacting with other proteins involved in this pathway. TDG's function guarantees the correct removal and replacement of erroneous bases which might otherwise result in mutations or faulty gene expression. This activity is tightly regulated to ensure accurate DNA maintenance and cellular function.

Pathways

TDG functions within the base excision repair and DNA demethylation pathways. In these pathways proteins such as APE1 (apurinic/apyrimidinic endodeoxyribonuclease 1) work closely with TDG to process intermediates generated during base removal. Through base excision repair TDG contributes to the protection against mutations by correcting base mispairings. The DNA demethylation pathway in which TDG participates also plays a role in the epigenetic regulation of gene expression influencing developmental processes and cellular differentiation.

Associated diseases and disorders

TDG's function has implications for cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. Altered TDG activity can lead to genomic instability contributing to the progression of cancer by allowing the accumulation of mutations. Furthermore disruptions in DNA repair mechanisms including those involving TDG have been linked to neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. In cancer proteins like MSH6 in the mismatch repair pathway might interact with TDG when aberrant repair occurs. In neurodegenerative disorders changes in TDG activity might interact with proteins involved in neuronal function and stability exacerbating disease mechanisms.