Anti-Thrombomodulin antibody [SP309] - C-terminal

Supplementary info

This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.

Activity summary

Thrombomodulin also known as CD141 is a glycoprotein with a mass of approximately 74 kDa. It is an integral membrane protein expressed on the surface of endothelial cells. Thrombomodulin acts mechanically by binding thrombin an enzyme involved in blood coagulation to modulate its activity. This binding substantially alters thrombin's substrate specificity turning it into an anticoagulant enzyme that activates protein C instead of a procoagulant enzyme.

Biological function summary

Thrombomodulin regulates blood coagulation and maintains hemostatic balance. It forms a complex with thrombin on endothelial cells facilitating the conversion of protein C to activated protein C (APC). Activated protein C plays a pivotal role in controlling blood clot formation by proteolytically inactivating Factors Va and VIIIa. This function is important for preventing excessive clotting while ensuring proper wound healing processes.

Pathways

Thrombomodulin works chiefly within the anticoagulation pathway. It interacts directly with the thrombin-protein C pathway to achieve the activation of protein C. Additionally it interfaces with other pathways sharing mutual components such as endothelial cell proliferation and inflammation modulation. Related proteins include thrombin and protein C along with protein S which serves as a cofactor for APC's anticoagulant actions.

Associated diseases and disorders

Thrombomodulin dysregulation can lead to thrombosis and vascular inflammation. A deficiency or altered expression of thrombomodulin has been linked to thromboembolic disorders and atherosclerosis. In these conditions improper activation of protein C in the presence of decreased thrombomodulin function can exacerbate clot formation. Monitoring the levels of proteins like thrombin and protein C within these diseases can provide insights into endothelial dysfunction and potential therapeutic approaches.