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Rabbit Recombinant Monoclonal Thymidine Kinase 1/TK1 antibody. Suitable for IP, WB, Flow Cyt (Intra), IHC-P and reacts with Human samples. Cited in 25 publications.


Images

Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - Anti-Thymidine Kinase 1/TK1 antibody [EPR3193] (AB76495), expandable thumbnail
  • Western blot - Anti-Thymidine Kinase 1/TK1 antibody [EPR3193] (AB76495), expandable thumbnail
  • Flow Cytometry (Intracellular) - Anti-Thymidine Kinase 1/TK1 antibody [EPR3193] (AB76495), expandable thumbnail
  • Western blot - Anti-Thymidine Kinase 1/TK1 antibody [EPR3193] (AB76495), expandable thumbnail
  • Immunoprecipitation - Anti-Thymidine Kinase 1/TK1 antibody [EPR3193] (AB76495), expandable thumbnail

Publications

Key facts

Isotype
IgG
Host species
Rabbit
Storage buffer

pH: 7.2 - 7.4
Preservative: 0.01% Sodium azide
Constituents: 59% PBS, 40% Glycerol (glycerin, glycerine), 0.05% BSA

Form
Liquid
Clonality
Monoclonal

Immunogen

  • The exact immunogen used to generate this antibody is proprietary information.

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Reactivity data

Select an application
Product promiseTestedExpectedPredictedNot recommended
IPWBFlow Cyt (Intra)IHC-P
Human
Tested
Tested
Tested
Tested

Tested
Tested

Species
Human
Dilution info
1/20
Notes

Perform heat-mediated antigen retrieval with Tris/EDTA buffer pH 9.0 before commencing with IHC staining protocol.

Tested
Tested

Species
Human
Dilution info
1/1000
Notes

For unpurified use at 1/5000 - 1/50000

Tested
Tested

Species
Human
Dilution info
1/200
Notes

For unpurified use at 1/70 Rabbit IgG, monoclonal [EPR25A] - Isotype Control ab172730 - Rabbit monoclonal IgG, is suitable for use as an isotype control with this antibody.

Tested
Tested

Species
Human
Dilution info
1/100 - 1/250
Notes

Perform heat-mediated antigen retrieval with Tris/EDTA buffer pH 9.0 before commencing with IHC staining protocol.

Associated Products

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Target data

Function

Cell-cycle-regulated enzyme of importance in nucleotide metabolism (PubMed:9575153). Catalyzes the first enzymatic step in the salvage pathway converting thymidine into thymidine monophosphate (PubMed:22385435). Transcriptional regulation limits expression to the S phase of the cell cycle and transient expression coincides with the oscillation in the intracellular dTTP concentration (Probable). Also important for the activation of anticancer and antiviral nucleoside analog prodrugs such as 1-b-d-arabinofuranosylcytosine (AraC) and 3c-azido-3c-deoxythymidine (AZT) (PubMed:22385435).

Alternative names

TK1

Recommended products

Rabbit Recombinant Monoclonal Thymidine Kinase 1/TK1 antibody. Suitable for IP, WB, Flow Cyt (Intra), IHC-P and reacts with Human samples. Cited in 25 publications.

Key facts

Isotype
IgG
Form
Liquid
Clonality
Monoclonal
Immunogen
  • The exact immunogen used to generate this antibody is proprietary information.
Clone number
EPR3193
Purification technique
Affinity purification Protein A
Concentration
Loading...

Storage

Shipped at conditions
Blue Ice
Appropriate short-term storage duration
1-2 weeks
Appropriate short-term storage conditions
+4°C
Appropriate long-term storage conditions
-20°C
Aliquoting information
Upon delivery aliquot
Storage information
Avoid freeze / thaw cycle

Notes

Mouse, Rat: We have preliminary internal testing data to indicate this antibody may not react with these species. Please contact us for more information.

Our RabMAb® technology is a patented hybridoma-based technology for making rabbit monoclonal antibodies. For details on our patents, please refer to RabMAb® patents.

This product is a recombinant monoclonal antibody, which offers several advantages including:

  • - High batch-to-batch consistency and reproducibility
  • - Improved sensitivity and specificity
  • - Long-term security of supply
  • - Animal-free batch production

For more information, read more on recombinant antibodies.

Supplementary info

This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.
Activity summary

Thymidine Kinase 1 (TK1) also known as Thymidine Kinase isoform A is an enzyme involved in the phosphorylation of thymidine into thymidine monophosphate an important component in DNA synthesis. TK1 has a molecular weight of approximately 25 kDa. It is predominantly expressed in proliferating cells with expression levels peaking during the S phase of the cell cycle. You often find TK1 in tissues with high cell division rates like bone marrow and lymphatic tissues.

Biological function summary

This enzyme is critical for DNA replication and repair by providing deoxythymidine triphosphate (dTTP) a deoxynucleoside triphosphate. TK1 operates as a monomer but can form a tetrameric complex in its active state which enhances its affinity for substrates. TK1 can process various substrates including thymidine and thymidine analogs such as 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) and EdU. These substrates are vital in molecular biology as they help in measuring DNA synthesis in cell proliferation studies.

Pathways

The function of TK1 is central to the salvage pathway of nucleotide synthesis. This pathway allows recycling of thymidine from degraded DNA which is particularly important for rapidly dividing cells that need to ensure a sufficient supply of nucleotides. TK1 acts alongside other enzymes such as thymidylate synthase and ribonucleotide reductase to maintain nucleotide balance within the cell ensuring proper DNA synthesis and cellular proliferation.

Associated diseases and disorders

TK1 levels often increase in cancerous tissues due to their elevated cell proliferation rates. Serum TK1 is a biomarker for various cancers like leukemia and breast cancer. Studies show a correlation between high TK1 activity and tumor aggressiveness and progression. Additionally interactions of TK1 with the protein p53 a tumor suppressor show that defects in TK1 regulation can contribute to genomic instability highlighting its role in oncogenesis.

Product promise

We are dedicated to supporting your work with high quality reagents and we are here for you every step of the way should you need us.

In the unlikely event of one of our products not working as expected, you are covered by our product promise.

Full details and terms and conditions can be found here:
Terms & Conditions.

6 product images

  • Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - Anti-Thymidine Kinase 1/TK1 antibody [EPR3193] (ab76495), expandable thumbnail

    Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - Anti-Thymidine Kinase 1/TK1 antibody [EPR3193] (ab76495)

    Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) analysis of Human tonsil tissue sections labeling Thymidine Kinase 1/TK1 with purified ab76495 at 1/200 dilution (0.85 µg/mL). Heat mediated antigen retrieval using Bond™ Epitope Retrieval Solution 2 (pH 9.0). The immunostaining was performed on a Leica Biosystems BOND® RX instrument. Rabbit specific IHC polymer detection kit HRP/DAB (Rabbit specific IHC polymer detection kit HRP/DAB ab209101) was used as the secondary antibody. Negative control: PBS instead of the primary antibody. Hematoxylin was used as a counterstain.

  • Western blot - Anti-Thymidine Kinase 1/TK1 antibody [EPR3193] (ab76495), expandable thumbnail

    Western blot - Anti-Thymidine Kinase 1/TK1 antibody [EPR3193] (ab76495)

    All lanes: Western blot - Anti-Thymidine Kinase 1/TK1 antibody [EPR3193] (ab76495) at 1/1000 dilution

    Lane 1: MOLT-4 (Human lymphoblastic leukemia T lymphoblast) whole cell lysate at 20 µg

    Lane 2: U-2 OS (Human bone osteosarcoma epithelial cell) whole cell lysate at 20 µg

    Lane 3: SW620 (Human colorectal adenocarcinoma epithelial cell) whole cell lysate at 20 µg

    Lane 4: Jurkat (Human T cell leukemia T lymphocyte) whole cell lysate at 20 µg

    Lane 5: Human tonsil lysate at 20 µg

    Secondary

    All lanes: Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG (HRP) with minimal cross-reactivity with human IgG at 1/2000 dilution

    Predicted band size: 25 kDa

  • Flow Cytometry (Intracellular) - Anti-Thymidine Kinase 1/TK1 antibody [EPR3193] (ab76495), expandable thumbnail

    Flow Cytometry (Intracellular) - Anti-Thymidine Kinase 1/TK1 antibody [EPR3193] (ab76495)

    Intracellular Flow Cytometry analysis of HeLa (Human cervix adenocarcinoma epithelial cell) cells labeling Thymidine Kinase 1/TK1 with Purified ab76495 at 1/200 dilution (0.1 μg/ml) (Red). Cells were fixed with 4% Paraformaldehyde and permeabilised with 90% Methanol. A Goat anti rabbit IgG (Alexa Fluor® 488 ,Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (Alexa Fluor® 488) ab150077) secondary antibody was used at 1/2000. Isotype control - Rabbit monoclonal IgG (Left). Unlabeled control - /.

  • Western blot - Anti-Thymidine Kinase 1/TK1 antibody [EPR3193] (ab76495), expandable thumbnail

    Western blot - Anti-Thymidine Kinase 1/TK1 antibody [EPR3193] (ab76495)

    Lanes 1- 2: Merged signal (red and green). Green - ab76495 observed at 25 kDa. Red - Anti-alpha Tubulin antibody [DM1A] - Loading Control (Anti-alpha Tubulin antibody [DM1A] - Loading Control ab7291) observed at 50 kDa.

    ab76495 was shown to react with Thymidine Kinase 1/TK1 in wild-type HEK-293T cells in western blot. Loss of signal was observed when knockout cell line Human TK1 (Thymidine Kinase 1) knockout HEK-293T cell line ab266230 (knockout cell lysate Human TK1 (Thymidine Kinase 1) knockout HEK-293T cell lysate ab257745) was used. Wild-type HEK-293T and TK1 knockout HEK-293T cell lysates were subjected to SDS-PAGE. Membrane was blocked for 1 hour at room temperature in 0.1% TBST with 3% non-fat dried milk. ab76495 and Anti-alpha Tubulin antibody [DM1A] - Loading Control (Anti-alpha Tubulin antibody [DM1A] - Loading Control ab7291) overnight at 4°C at a 1 in 1000 dilution and a 1 in 20000 dilution respectively. Blots were developed with Goat anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (IRDye®800CW) preadsorbed (Goat anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (IRDye® 800CW) preadsorbed ab216773) and Goat anti-Mouse IgG H&L (IRDye®680RD) preadsorbed (Goat anti-Mouse IgG H&L (IRDye® 680RD) preadsorbed ab216776) secondary antibodies at 1 in 20000 dilution for 1 hour at room temperature before imaging.

    All lanes: Western blot - Anti-Thymidine Kinase 1/TK1 antibody [EPR3193] (ab76495) at 1/1000 dilution

    Lane 1: Wild-type HEK-293T cell lysate at 20 µg

    Lane 2: TK1 knockout HEK-293T cell lysate at 20 µg

    Lane 2: Western blot - Human TK1 (Thymidine Kinase 1) knockout HEK-293T cell line (Human TK1 (Thymidine Kinase 1) knockout HEK-293T cell line ab266230)

    Performed under reducing conditions.

    Predicted band size: 21 kDa, 25 kDa

    Observed band size: 21 kDa, 25 kDa

  • Immunoprecipitation - Anti-Thymidine Kinase 1/TK1 antibody [EPR3193] (ab76495), expandable thumbnail

    Immunoprecipitation - Anti-Thymidine Kinase 1/TK1 antibody [EPR3193] (ab76495)

    Purified ab76495 at 1/20 dilution (0.8μg) immunoprecipitating Thymidine Kinase 1/TK1 in MOLT-4 whole cell lysate.
    Lane 1 (input): MOLT-4 (Human lymphoblastic leukemia T lymphoblast)
    Lane 2 (+): ab76495 + MOLT-4 whole cell lysate.
    Lane 3 (-): Rabbit monoclonal IgG (Rabbit IgG, monoclonal [EPR25A] - Isotype Control ab172730) instead of ab76495 in MOLT-4 whole cell lysate.
    VeriBlot for IP Detection Reagent (HRP) (VeriBlot for IP Detection Reagent (HRP) ab131366) (1/1000 dilution) was used for Western blotting.
    Blocking Buffer and concentration: 5% NFDM/TBST.
    Diluting buffer and concentration: 5% NFDM/TBST.
    Observed band size: 24 kDa

    All lanes: Immunoprecipitation - Anti-Thymidine Kinase 1/TK1 antibody [EPR3193] (ab76495)

    Predicted band size: 25 kDa

  • Western blot - Anti-Thymidine Kinase 1/TK1 antibody [EPR3193] (ab76495), expandable thumbnail

    Western blot - Anti-Thymidine Kinase 1/TK1 antibody [EPR3193] (ab76495)

    Lane 1: Wild-type HAP1 whole cell lysate (20 μg)
    Lane 2: TK1 knockout HAP1 whole cell lysate (20 μg)
    Lane 3: Jurkat whole cell lysate (20 μg)
    Lane 4: MOLT4 whole cell lysate (20 μg)

    Lanes 1 - 4: Merged signal (red and green). Green - ab76495 observed at 25 kDa. Red - loading control, Anti-GAPDH antibody [6C5] - Loading Control ab8245, observed at 37 kDa.

    ab76495 was shown to specifically react with TK1 in wildtype HAP1 cells. No band was observed when TK1 knockout samples were examined. Wild-type and TK1 knockout samples were subjected to SDS-PAGE. ab76495 and Anti-GAPDH antibody [6C5] - Loading Control ab8245 (Mouse anti GAPDH loading control) were incubated overnight at 4°C at 1/5000 dilution and 1/10,000 dilution respectively. Blots were developed with Goat anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (IRDye® 800CW) preabsorbed Goat anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (IRDye® 800CW) preadsorbed ab216773 and Goat anti-Mouse IgG H&L (IRDye® 680RD) preabsorbed Goat anti-Mouse IgG H&L (IRDye® 680RD) preadsorbed ab216776 secondary antibodies at 1/20,000 dilution for 1 hour at room temperature before imaging.

    All lanes: Western blot - Anti-Thymidine Kinase 1/TK1 antibody [EPR3193] (ab76495)

    Predicted band size: 25 kDa

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Product protocols

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