Anti-Thyroid Hormone Receptor beta antibody

Supplementary info

This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.

Activity summary

The Thyroid Hormone Receptor beta (THRB) also known as c-erbA-2 and NR1A2 is a nuclear hormone receptor and transcription factor weighing approximately 55 kDa. THRB binds thyroid hormones and plays a central role in moderating gene expression. Expression of this receptor occurs in various tissues with notable presence in the liver brain and heart. As a transcription factor it influences the transcription of specific target genes upon binding to thyroid hormones primarily thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3).

Biological function summary

This receptor regulates critical metabolic processes and plays a role in development. THRB functions as part of a larger receptor complex partnering with retinoid X receptor (RXR) to form a heterodimer. This dimer binds to thyroid hormone response elements (TREs) on DNA modulating the expression of genes involved in metabolism thermogenesis and development of the central nervous system. The receptor's activity impacts many key physiological functions ensuring proper growth and metabolic balance.

Pathways

THRB engages significantly in the thyroid hormone signaling pathway and the lipid degradation pathway. It interacts with proteins like the aforementioned RXR in promoting transcriptional activities. In its regulatory capacity THRB helps facilitate lipid metabolism cholesterol homeostasis and energy management. As part of the thyroid hormone signaling pathway it controls numerous genes aligning with proteins like thyroid peroxidase (TPO) which in turn affect hormone synthesis.

Associated diseases and disorders

Mutations or malfunctions in THRB relate to conditions such as resistance to thyroid hormone (RTH) and medullary thyroid carcinoma. In RTH inappropriate THRB activity results in altered thyroid hormone action and impaired feedback mechanism. This connects to disrupted signaling involving proteins like thyroglobulin. In medullary thyroid carcinoma THRB alterations can influence tumor progression demonstrating its impact on cellular regulatory mechanisms. Understanding THRB's involvement in these disorders aids in diagnosing and developing targeted therapeutic approaches.