Anti-TIRAP antibody [EPR27962-49]

Supplementary info

This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.

Activity summary

TIRAP also known as Mal is an adapter protein integral to the Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathway. It has a molecular mass of approximately 24 kDa. TIRAP resides mostly in the cytoplasm and gets recruited to the plasma membrane where it assists in signal transduction. It plays a significant role in bridging TLRs such as TLR2 and TLR4 with downstream signaling elements like MyD88. This protein mediates the recruitment of other signaling proteins after TLR activation therefore facilitating the innate immune response.

Biological function summary

TIRAP is part of the innate immune system and contributes to the immune response against pathogens. It forms part of a signaling complex that leads to the activation of NF-kB and MAP kinase pathways resulting in the production of inflammatory cytokines. The protein works by directly interacting with phosphatidylinositol 45-bisphosphate at the plasma membrane through its phosphoinositide-binding motif. This interaction ensures that TIRAP is correctly positioned to relay signals for immune activation.

Pathways

TIRAP functions in the MyD88-dependent signaling pathway which is significant for initiating inflammatory responses. TIRAP and MyD88 work in tandem to propagate signals from activated TLRs. This relationship not only aids in inflammation but also in the differentiation of immune cells. TIRAP is also related to other proteins like IRAK1 in these pathways which further transduces signals leading to downstream activation of transcription factors relevant for immune responses.

Associated diseases and disorders

TIRAP plays a part in conditions like systemic lupus erythematosus and septic shock. Mutations in the TIRAP gene can alter the signaling cascade leading to aberrant immune responses associated with these diseases. In this context TIRAP interacts with TLR4 and any dysfunction in the interaction may contribute to the excessive inflammation seen in septic shock. Understanding TIRAP's role in these diseases provides insight into targeted therapeutic strategies.