Anti-TOX4 antibody

Supplementary info

This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.

Activity summary

TOX4 also known as TOX high mobility group box family member 4 is a transcription factor with a molecular mass of approximately 80 kDa. It is a part of the TOX protein family and includes a conserved high-mobility group (HMG) box domain that allows it to bind DNA. TOX4 is expressed broadly in human tissues with particularly high levels seen in the brain and immune cells. Its expression pattern suggests a role in regulating genes involved in these tissues.

Biological function summary

TOX4 functions are important to transcriptional regulation processes where it interacts with other proteins. It takes part in forming a complex known as the PTW/PP1 complex which contributes to the regulation of chromatin structure and gene expression. Through its involvement in this complex TOX4 influences the cell cycle and DNA repair mechanisms. Studies indicate its role in modulating cellular responses to stress and controlling cell growth.

Pathways

TOX4 is involved in the Wnt signaling pathway and the DNA damage response pathway. Within the Wnt signaling pathway TOX4 impacts gene transcription that is vital for cellular development and differentiation. Notably it shares functional relationships with other proteins such as β-catenin. In the DNA damage response pathway TOX4 often interacts with p53 a protein key for maintaining genomic stability. Both these pathways highlight its importance in controlling cellular outcomes.

Associated diseases and disorders

Researchers have linked TOX4 to conditions such as cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. Its role in DNA repair and gene transcription suggests that dysregulation of TOX4 may contribute to carcinogenesis possibly through interaction with aberrant p53. In neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's alterations in TOX4 expression or function could associate with abnormal cell cycle control and neuronal cell death. Associations with amyloid precursor protein (APP) indicate a potential pathway through which TOX4 influences neurodegenerative disease progression.