AB315113

Anti-Toxin B antibody [EPR23357-19] - BSA and Azide free (Capture)

RabMAb
Recombinant
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Rabbit Recombinant Monoclonal Clostridium difficile Toxin B antibody. Carrier free. Suitable for sELISA and reacts with Clostridium difficile samples.

View Alternative Names

toxB, tcdB, Toxin B

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Sandwich ELISA - Anti-Toxin B antibody [EPR23357-19] - BSA and Azide free (Capture) (AB315113)

sELISA

Supplier Data

Sandwich ELISA - Anti-Toxin B antibody [EPR23357-19] - BSA and Azide free (Capture) (AB315113)

Sandwich ELISA of ab315112 with the capture antibody dilution at 2 µg/mL and detector antibody dilution at 0.5 µg/mL.

Key facts

Host species

Rabbit

Clonality

Monoclonal

Clone number

EPR23357-19

Isotype

IgG

Carrier free

Yes

Reacts with

Clostridium difficile

Applications

sELISA

applications

Immunogen

The exact immunogen used to generate this antibody is proprietary information.

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Reactivity data

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Product details

ab315113 is a BSA and Azide Free antibody supplied in an unconjugated format and it is suitable for sandwich ELISAs to quantify Clostridioides difficile Toxin B. The recommended pair for sandwich ELISA is:

Capture: ab315113, Clostridioides difficile Toxin B Capture Antibody (unconjugated)

Detector: ab315114, Clostridioides difficile Toxin B Detector Antibody (unconjugated)

The reference range value is 39.1-5000 pg/mL.

The recommended antibody orientation is based on internal optimization for ELISAbased assays. Antibody orientation is assay dependent and needs to be optimized for each assay type. Please note that the range provided for this antibody is only an estimation based on the performance of the product using the recommended antibody pair. Performance of the antibody pair will depend on the specific characteristics of your assay. We guarantee the product works in sandwich ELISA, but we do not guarantee the sensitivity or dynamic range of the antibody in your assay.

Our carrier-free formats are supplied in a buffer free of BSA, sodium azide and glycerol for higher conjugation efficiency. The antibodies are provided at an approximate concentration of 1 mg/ml as measured by the protein A280 method. Use our conjugation kits for antibody conjugates that are ready-to-use in as little as 20 minutes with <1 minute hands-on-time and 100% antibody recovery: available for fluorescent dyes, HRP, biotin and gold.

Sandwich ELISA
The recommended antibody orientation is based on internal optimization for ELISA-based assays. Antibody orientation is assay dependent and needs to be optimized for each assay type. Please note that the range provided for this antibody is only an estimation based on the performance of the product using the recommended antibody pair. Performance of the antibody pair will depend on the specific characteristics of your assay. We guarantee the product works in sandwich ELISA, but we do not guarantee the sensitivity or dynamic range of the antibody in your assay.

Patented technology
Our RabMAb^® technology is a patented hybridoma-based technology for making rabbit monoclonal antibodies. For details on our patents, please refer to RabMAb^® patents.

What are the advantages of a recombinant monoclonal antibody?
This product is a recombinant monoclonal antibody, which offers several advantages including:

- High batch-to-batch consistency and reproducibility
- Improved sensitivity and specificity
- Long-term security of supply
- Animal-free batch production

For more information, read more on recombinant antibodies.

Conjugation ready
Our carrier-free antibodies are typically supplied in a PBS-only formulation, purified and free of BSA, sodium azide and glycerol. This conjugation-ready format is designed for use with fluorochromes, metal isotopes, oligonucleotides, and enzymes, which makes them ideal for antibody labelling, functional and cell-based assays, flow-based assays (e.g. mass cytometry) and Multiplex Imaging applications.

Use our conjugation kits for antibody conjugates that are ready-to-use in as little as 20 minutes with 1 minute hands-on-time and 100% antibody recovery: available for fluorescent dyes, HRP, biotin and gold.

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Properties and storage information

Form

Liquid

Purification technique

Affinity purification Protein A

Storage buffer

pH: 7.2 - 7.4 Constituents: PBS

Shipped at conditions

Blue Ice

Appropriate short-term storage conditions

+4°C

Appropriate long-term storage conditions

+4°C

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Supplementary information

This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.

Clostridium difficile Toxin B also known as CD Toxin B or B protein is a potent toxin produced by the bacterium Clostridium difficile. It is one of the major virulence factors alongside Toxin A. This protein carries significant weight approximately 270 kDa. It is expressed in the intestinal tract when Clostridium difficile colonizes and proliferates often leading to severe gastrointestinal conditions. The presence of toxins including both Toxin A and Toxin B contributes to the pathogenicity of C. diff infection.

Biological function summary

This toxin exerts its effects by modifying intracellular signaling pathways disrupting tight junctions and leading to cell apoptosis. Toxin B specifically targets the Rho family of GTPases through glucosylation leading to actin cytoskeleton disorganization and subsequent cell rounding and tissue damage. It functions independently but works in conjunction with Toxin A to enhance virulence. As part of its biological role Toxin B proves essential in the pathogenesis of diseases associated with C. diff infection.

Pathways

Research shows Toxin B's involvement in the disruption of the actin cytoskeleton pathway. This pathway alteration results from direct modification of small GTP-binding proteins such as RhoA Rac and Cdc42. Toxin B's activity leads to loss of cell structure and increased cell lysis showcasing how it fits into major cellular integrity pathways. Its interaction with these proteins places it alongside other microbial toxins that manipulate host cell signaling.

Toxin B has a strong association with Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) which often manifests as pseudomembranous colitis. CDI presents with symptoms such as severe diarrhea and colonic inflammation. Furthermore Toxin B contributes significantly to the disease severity in comparison to other microbial toxins. While Toxin A also plays a role studies suggest that Toxin B's impact on the intestinal epithelium is more severe marking it as a critical target for therapeutic intervention against CDI.

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Product protocols

For this product, it's our understanding that no specific protocols are required. You can visit:

Visit the General protocols
Visit the Troubleshooting

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Target data

Toxin B. Precursor of a cytotoxin that targets and disrupts the colonic epithelium, inducing the host inflammatory and innate immune responses and resulting in diarrhea and pseudomembranous colitis (PubMed : 20844489, PubMed : 24919149). TcdB constitutes the main toxin that mediates the pathology of C.difficile infection, an opportunistic pathogen that colonizes the colon when the normal gut microbiome is disrupted (PubMed : 19252482, PubMed : 20844489). Compared to TcdA, TcdB is more virulent and more important for inducing the host inflammatory and innate immune responses (PubMed : 19252482, PubMed : 24919149). This form constitutes the precursor of the toxin : it enters into host cells and mediates autoprocessing to release the active toxin (Glucosyltransferase TcdB) into the host cytosol (PubMed : 10768933, PubMed : 11152463, PubMed : 12941936, PubMed : 17334356, PubMed : 20498856). Targets colonic epithelia by binding to the frizzled receptors FZD1, FZD2 and FZD7, and enters host cells via clathrin-mediated endocytosis (PubMed : 27680706). Frizzled receptors constitute the major host receptors in the colonic epithelium, but other receptors, such as CSPG4 or NECTIN3/PVRL3, have been identified (PubMed : 25547119, PubMed : 26038560, PubMed : 27680706). Binding to carbohydrates and sulfated glycosaminoglycans on host cell surface also contribute to entry into cells (By similarity). Once entered into host cells, acidification in the endosome promotes the membrane insertion of the translocation region and formation of a pore, leading to translocation of the GT44 and peptidase C80 domains across the endosomal membrane (PubMed : 11152463, PubMed : 12941936, PubMed : 24567384). This activates the peptidase C80 domain and autocatalytic processing, releasing the N-terminal part (Glucosyltransferase TcdB), which constitutes the active part of the toxin, in the cytosol (PubMed : 17334356, PubMed : 27571750).. Glucosyltransferase TcdB. Active form of the toxin, which is released into the host cytosol following autoprocessing and inactivates small GTPases (PubMed : 16157585, PubMed : 17901056, PubMed : 24905543, PubMed : 24919149, PubMed : 7777059, PubMed : 8144660). Acts by mediating monoglucosylation of small GTPases of the Rho family (Rac1, RhoA, RhoB, RhoC, RhoG and Cdc42) in host cells at the conserved threonine residue located in the switch I region ('Thr-37/35'), using UDP-alpha-D-glucose as the sugar donor (PubMed : 16157585, PubMed : 17901056, PubMed : 24905543, PubMed : 24919149, PubMed : 7777059). Monoglucosylation of host small GTPases completely prevents the recognition of the downstream effector, blocking the GTPases in their inactive form, leading to actin cytoskeleton disruption and cell death, resulting in the loss of colonic epithelial barrier function (PubMed : 24919149, PubMed : 7777059).

See full target information tcdB

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Product promise

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Anti-Toxin B antibody [EPR23357-19] - BSA and Azide free (Capture)

Sandwich ELISA - Anti-Toxin B antibody [EPR23357-19] - BSA and Azide free (Capture) (AB315113)

Key facts

Host species

Clonality

Clone number

Isotype

Carrier free

Reacts with

Applications

Immunogen

Reactivity data

Product details

Properties and storage information

Form

Purification technique

Storage buffer

Shipped at conditions

Appropriate short-term storage conditions

Appropriate long-term storage conditions

Supplementary information

Biological function summary

Pathways

Product protocols

Target data

Complementary Products

Primary Antibodies

Primary Antibodies

Primary Antibodies

Proteins & Peptides

Product promise