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Rabbit Recombinant Monoclonal Transglutaminase 2 antibody. Suitable for IHC-P, WB, ICC/IF and reacts with Human samples. Cited in 12 publications.


Images

Western blot - Anti-Transglutaminase 2 antibody [EP2957] (AB109200), expandable thumbnail
  • Western blot - Anti-Transglutaminase 2 antibody [EP2957] (AB109200), expandable thumbnail
  • Western blot - Anti-Transglutaminase 2 antibody [EP2957] (AB109200), expandable thumbnail
  • Western blot - Anti-Transglutaminase 2 antibody [EP2957] (AB109200), expandable thumbnail
  • Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - Anti-Transglutaminase 2 antibody [EP2957] (AB109200), expandable thumbnail

Publications

Key facts

Isotype
IgG
Host species
Rabbit
Storage buffer

pH: 7.2 - 7.4
Preservative: 0.01% Sodium azide
Constituents: 59% PBS, 40% Glycerol (glycerin, glycerine), 0.05% BSA

Form
Liquid
Clonality
Monoclonal

Immunogen

  • The exact immunogen used to generate this antibody is proprietary information.

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Reactivity data

Select an application
Product promiseTestedExpectedPredictedNot recommended
IHC-PWBICC/IF
Human
Tested
Tested
Tested
Mouse
Predicted
Predicted
Predicted

Tested
Tested

Species
Human
Dilution info
1/100 - 1/250
Notes

Perform heat-mediated antigen retrieval with citrate buffer pH 6 before commencing with IHC staining protocol.

Predicted
Predicted

Species
Mouse
Dilution info
-
Notes

-

Tested
Tested

Species
Human
Dilution info
1/10000 - 1/50000
Notes

-

Predicted
Predicted

Species
Mouse
Dilution info
-
Notes

-

Tested
Tested

Species
Human
Dilution info
1/10000
Notes

-

Predicted
Predicted

Species
Mouse
Dilution info
-
Notes

-

Associated Products

Select an associated product type

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Target data

Function

Calcium-dependent acyltransferase that catalyzes the formation of covalent bonds between peptide-bound glutamine and various primary amines, such as gamma-amino group of peptide-bound lysine, or mono- and polyamines, thereby producing cross-linked or aminated proteins, respectively (PubMed:23941696, PubMed:31991788, PubMed:9252372). Involved in many biological processes, such as bone development, angiogenesis, wound healing, cellular differentiation, chromatin modification and apoptosis (PubMed:1683874, PubMed:27270573, PubMed:28198360, PubMed:7935379, PubMed:9252372). Acts as a protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase by mediating the cross-linking of proteins, such as ACO2, HSPB6, FN1, HMGB1, RAP1GDS1, SLC25A4/ANT1, SPP1 and WDR54 (PubMed:23941696, PubMed:24349085, PubMed:29618516, PubMed:30458214). Under physiological conditions, the protein cross-linking activity is inhibited by GTP; inhibition is relieved by Ca(2+) in response to various stresses (PubMed:18092889, PubMed:7592956, PubMed:7649299). When secreted, catalyzes cross-linking of proteins of the extracellular matrix, such as FN1 and SPP1 resulting in the formation of scaffolds (PubMed:12506096). Plays a key role during apoptosis, both by (1) promoting the cross-linking of cytoskeletal proteins resulting in condensation of the cytoplasm, and by (2) mediating cross-linking proteins of the extracellular matrix, resulting in the irreversible formation of scaffolds that stabilize the integrity of the dying cells before their clearance by phagocytosis, thereby preventing the leakage of harmful intracellular components (PubMed:7935379, PubMed:9252372). In addition to protein cross-linking, can use different monoamine substrates to catalyze a vast array of protein post-translational modifications: mediates aminylation of serotonin, dopamine, noradrenaline or histamine into glutamine residues of target proteins to generate protein serotonylation, dopaminylation, noradrenalinylation or histaminylation, respectively (PubMed:23797785, PubMed:30867594). Mediates protein serotonylation of small GTPases during activation and aggregation of platelets, leading to constitutive activation of these GTPases (By similarity). Plays a key role in chromatin organization by mediating serotonylation and dopaminylation of histone H3 (PubMed:30867594, PubMed:32273471). Catalyzes serotonylation of 'Gln-5' of histone H3 (H3Q5ser) during serotonergic neuron differentiation, thereby facilitating transcription (PubMed:30867594). Acts as a mediator of neurotransmission-independent role of nuclear dopamine in ventral tegmental area (VTA) neurons: catalyzes dopaminylation of 'Gln-5' of histone H3 (H3Q5dop), thereby regulating relapse-related transcriptional plasticity in the reward system (PubMed:32273471). Regulates vein remodeling by mediating serotonylation and subsequent inactivation of ATP2A2/SERCA2 (By similarity). Also acts as a protein deamidase by mediating the side chain deamidation of specific glutamine residues of proteins to glutamate (PubMed:20547769, PubMed:9623982). Catalyzes specific deamidation of protein gliadin, a component of wheat gluten in the diet (PubMed:9623982). May also act as an isopeptidase cleaving the previously formed cross-links (PubMed:26250429, PubMed:27131890). Also able to participate in signaling pathways independently of its acyltransferase activity: acts as a signal transducer in alpha-1 adrenergic receptor-mediated stimulation of phospholipase C-delta (PLCD) activity and is required for coupling alpha-1 adrenergic agonists to the stimulation of phosphoinositide lipid metabolism (PubMed:8943303). Isoform 2. Has cytotoxic activity: is able to induce apoptosis independently of its acyltransferase activity.

Alternative names

Protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase 2, Erythrocyte transglutaminase, Heart G alpha(h), Isopeptidase TGM2, Protein G alpha(h), Protein-glutamine deamidase TGM2, Protein-glutamine dopaminyltransferase TGM2, Protein-glutamine histaminyltransferase TGM2, Protein-glutamine noradrenalinyltransferase TGM2, Protein-glutamine serotonyltransferase TGM2, Tissue transglutaminase, Transglutaminase C, Transglutaminase H, Transglutaminase II, Transglutaminase-2, hhG alpha(h), G(h), tTG, tTgase, TG(C), TGC, TGase C, TGase H, TGase II, TG2, TGase-2, hTG2, TGM2

Recommended products

Rabbit Recombinant Monoclonal Transglutaminase 2 antibody. Suitable for IHC-P, WB, ICC/IF and reacts with Human samples. Cited in 12 publications.

Key facts

Isotype
IgG
Form
Liquid
Clonality
Monoclonal
Immunogen
  • The exact immunogen used to generate this antibody is proprietary information.
Clone number
EP2957
Purification technique
Affinity purification Protein A
Concentration
Loading...

Storage

Shipped at conditions
Blue Ice
Appropriate short-term storage conditions
+4°C
Appropriate long-term storage conditions
-20°C
Storage information
Stable for 12 months at -20°C

Notes

Our RabMAb® technology is a patented hybridoma-based technology for making rabbit monoclonal antibodies. For details on our patents, please refer to RabMAb® patents.

This product is a recombinant monoclonal antibody, which offers several advantages including:

  • - High batch-to-batch consistency and reproducibility
  • - Improved sensitivity and specificity
  • - Long-term security of supply
  • - Animal-free batch production

For more information, read more on recombinant antibodies.

Rat: We have preliminary internal testing data to indicate this antibody may not react with this species. Please contact us for more information.

Supplementary info

This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.
Activity summary

Transglutaminase 2 also known as TG2 or tissue transglutaminase is an enzyme with a mass of approximately 74 kDa. It catalyzes the formation of covalent bonds by crosslinking glutamine residues and lysine residues in proteins. This enzyme is widely expressed in various tissues including the liver heart and lungs. It can act as a GTPase a kinase and a protein disulfide isomerase highlighting its multifunctional nature. Additionally transglutaminase 2 associates with cell membranes cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix indicating its versatile involvement in cellular processes.

Biological function summary

Transglutaminase 2 plays roles in cell adhesion wound healing and the immune response. It mediates extracellular matrix stabilization through crosslinking structural proteins which is critical for tissue repair. The enzyme does not typically form a stable part of a large complex but interacts with fibronectin as a binding partner highlighting its role in cellular adhesion and migration. The enzymatic activity of transglutaminase 2 helps maintain tissue integrity by modifying extracellular and intracellular proteins.

Pathways

Transglutaminase 2 contributes significantly to the integrin-mediated signaling pathway and the apoptosis pathway. It assists in the modulation of cell-matrix interactions by crosslinking matrix proteins which is important for integrin signaling. During apoptosis transglutaminase 2 promotes cellular processes that lead to cell death via its involvement in nuclear condensation and DNA fragmentation. In these pathways proteins such as fibronectin and integrins interact with transglutaminase 2 facilitating its regulatory functions.

Associated diseases and disorders

Transglutaminase 2 is associated with celiac disease and neurodegenerative disorders like Huntington's disease. Its autoantigenic properties make it a target in celiac disease where antibodies against transglutaminase 2 play a role in the pathology by affecting intestinal tissue. In Huntington's disease transglutaminase 2 contributes to the formation of protein aggregates which are toxic to neurons. This enzyme's interactions with proteins such as gliadin in celiac disease and huntingtin in Huntington's disease are central to its pathogenic mechanism.

Product promise

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7 product images

  • Western blot - Anti-Transglutaminase 2 antibody [EP2957] (ab109200), expandable thumbnail

    Western blot - Anti-Transglutaminase 2 antibody [EP2957] (ab109200)

    Lanes 1-2: Merged signal (red and green). Green - ab109200 observed at 77 kDa. Red - loading control Anti-GAPDH antibody [6C5] - Loading Control ab8245 observed at 37 kDa.

    ab109200 Anti-Transglutaminase 2 antibody [EP2957] was shown to specifically react with Transglutaminase 2 in wild-type A549 cells. Loss of signal was observed when knockout cell line Human TGM2 (Transglutaminase 2) knockout A549 cell line ab267110 (knockout cell lysate Human TGM2 (Transglutaminase 2) knockout A549 cell lysate ab257087) was used. Wild-type and Transglutaminase 2 knockout samples were subjected to SDS-PAGE. ab109200 and Anti-GAPDH antibody [6C5] - Loading Control (Anti-GAPDH antibody [6C5] - Loading Control ab8245) were incubated overnight at 4°C at 1 in 10000 and 1 in 20000 dilution respectively. Blots were developed with Goat anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (IRDye® 800CW) preadsorbed (Goat anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (IRDye® 800CW) preadsorbed ab216773) and Goat anti-Mouse IgG H&L (IRDye® 680RD) preadsorbed (Goat anti-Mouse IgG H&L (IRDye® 680RD) preadsorbed ab216776) secondary antibodies at 1 in 20000 dilution for 1 hour at room temperature before imaging.

    All lanes: Western blot - Anti-Transglutaminase 2 antibody [EP2957] (ab109200) at 1/10000 dilution

    Lane 1: Wild-type A549 cell lysate at 20 µg

    Lane 2: TGM2 knockout A549 cell lysate at 20 µg

    Performed under reducing conditions.

    Predicted band size: 77 kDa

    Observed band size: 77 kDa

  • Western blot - Anti-Transglutaminase 2 antibody [EP2957] (ab109200), expandable thumbnail

    Western blot - Anti-Transglutaminase 2 antibody [EP2957] (ab109200)

    Lanes 1-4: Merged signal (red and green). Green - ab109200 observed at 77 kDa. Red - loading control Anti-GAPDH antibody [6C5] - Loading Control ab8245 observed at 37 kDa.

    ab109200 Anti-Transglutaminase 2 antibody [EP2957] was shown to specifically react with Transglutaminase 2 in wild-type HeLa cells. Loss of signal was observed when knockout cell line Human TGM2 (Transglutaminase 2) knockout HeLa cell line ab265245 (knockout cell lysate Human TGM2 (Transglutaminase 2) knockout HeLa cell lysate ab257085) was used. Wild-type and Transglutaminase 2 knockout samples were subjected to SDS-PAGE. ab109200 and Anti-alpha Tubulin antibody [EP1332Y] - Microtubule Marker (Anti-alpha Tubulin antibody [EP1332Y] - Microtubule Marker ab52866) were incubated overnight at 4°C at 1 in 1000 dilution and 1 in 20000 dilution respectively. Blots were developed with Goat anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (IRDye® 800CW) preadsorbed (Goat anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (IRDye® 800CW) preadsorbed ab216773) and Goat anti-Mouse IgG H&L (IRDye® 680RD) preadsorbed (Goat anti-Mouse IgG H&L (IRDye® 680RD) preadsorbed ab216776) secondary antibodies at 1 in 20000 dilution for 1 hour at room temperature before imaging.

    All lanes: Western blot - Anti-Transglutaminase 2 antibody [EP2957] (ab109200) at 1/1000 dilution

    Lane 1: Wild-type HeLa cell lysate at 20 µg

    Lane 2: TGM2 knockout HeLa cell lysate at 20 µg

    Lane 2: Western blot - Human TGM2 (Transglutaminase 2) knockout HeLa cell line (Human TGM2 (Transglutaminase 2) knockout HeLa cell line ab265245)

    Lane 3: Wild-type A549 cell lysate at 20 µg

    Lane 4: TGM2 knockout A549 cell lysate at 20 µg

    Secondary

    All lanes: Western blot - Goat anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (IRDye® 800CW) preadsorbed (Goat anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (IRDye® 800CW) preadsorbed ab216773) at 1/20000 dilution

    Performed under reducing conditions.

    Predicted band size: 77 kDa

    Observed band size: 77 kDa

  • Western blot - Anti-Transglutaminase 2 antibody [EP2957] (ab109200), expandable thumbnail

    Western blot - Anti-Transglutaminase 2 antibody [EP2957] (ab109200)

    Lanes 1 - 4: Merged signal (red and green). Green - ab109200 observed at 77 kDa. Red - loading control, Anti-GAPDH antibody [6C5] - Loading Control ab8245, observed at 37 kDa.

    ab109200 was shown to recognize TGM2 in wild-type A549 cells as signal was lost at the expected MW in TGM2 knockout cells. Additional cross-reactive bands were observed in the wild-type and knockout cells. Wild-type and TGM2 knockout samples were subjected to SDS-PAGE. The membrane was blocked with 3% Milk. ab109200 and Anti-GAPDH antibody [6C5] - Loading Control ab8245 (Mouse anti-GAPDH loading control) were incubated overnight at 4°C at 1/10000 dilution and 1/20000 dilution respectively. Blots were developed with Goat anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (IRDye® 800CW) preabsorbed Goat anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (IRDye® 800CW) preadsorbed ab216773 and Goat anti-Mouse IgG H&L (IRDye® 680RD) preabsorbed Goat anti-Mouse IgG H&L (IRDye® 680RD) preadsorbed ab216776 secondary antibodies at 1/20000 dilution for 1 hour at room temperature before imaging.

    All lanes: Western blot - Anti-Transglutaminase 2 antibody [EP2957] (ab109200) at 1/1000 dilution

    Lane 1: Wild-type A549 whole cell lysate at 20 µg

    Lane 2: TGM2 knockout A549 whole cell lysate at 20 µg

    Lane 3: HeLa whole cell lysate at 20 µg

    Lane 4: HUVEC whole cell lysate at 20 µg

    Predicted band size: 77 kDa

  • Western blot - Anti-Transglutaminase 2 antibody [EP2957] (ab109200), expandable thumbnail

    Western blot - Anti-Transglutaminase 2 antibody [EP2957] (ab109200)

    All lanes: Western blot - Anti-Transglutaminase 2 antibody [EP2957] (ab109200) at 1/10000 dilution

    Lane 1: U87-MG cell lysate at 10 µg

    Lane 2: A549 cell lysate at 10 µg

    Lane 3: HUVEC cell lysate at 10 µg

    Predicted band size: 77 kDa

  • Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - Anti-Transglutaminase 2 antibody [EP2957] (ab109200), expandable thumbnail

    Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - Anti-Transglutaminase 2 antibody [EP2957] (ab109200)

    ab109200, at 1/100 dilution, staining Transglutaminase 2 in paraffin-embedded Human kidney tissue by Immunohistochemistry.

    Perform heat mediated antigen retrieval with citrate buffer pH 6 before commencing with IHC staining protocol.

  • Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence - Anti-Transglutaminase 2 antibody [EP2957] (ab109200), expandable thumbnail

    Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence - Anti-Transglutaminase 2 antibody [EP2957] (ab109200)

    ab109200 was shown to react with TGM2 in wild-type A549 cells in immunocytochemistry with loss of signal observed in TGM2 knockout cell line Human TGM2 (Transglutaminase 2) knockout A549 cell line ab261876. Wild-type and knockout cells were mixed and pelleted at a 1:1 ratio on coverslips. The cells were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde (15 min) then permeabilized with 0.1% Triton X-100 (10min) and then blocked with 1x PBS, 0.01% Triton X-100, 5% BSA, 5% NGS. The cells were then incubated with ab109200 at 1/300 dilution overnight at 4°C followed by a further incubation at room temperature for 1h with a goat anti-rabbit secondary antibody to (Alexa Fluor® 555) at 0.5 ?g/ml. Acquisition of the green (wild-type), red (antibody staining) and far-red (knockout) channels was performed. Representative grayscale images of the red channel are shown. Wild-type and knockout cells are outlined with yellow and magenta dashed line, respectively. Schematic representation of the mosaic strategy used is shown on the bottom-right panel. Image was acquired with a Zeiss(LSM-880).

    These data were provided by YCharOS Inc., an open science company with the mission of characterizing commercially available antibody reagents for all human proteins. Abcam and YCharOS are working together to help address the reproducibility crisis by enabling the life science community to better evaluate commercially available antibodies.

  • Western blot - Anti-Transglutaminase 2 antibody [EP2957] (ab109200), expandable thumbnail

    Western blot - Anti-Transglutaminase 2 antibody [EP2957] (ab109200)

    Transglutaminase 2 Western blot staining using rabbit Anti-Transglutaminase 2 antibody

    ab109200 was shown to react with TGM2 in wild-type A549 cells in Western blot with loss of signal observed in TGM2 knockout cell line Human TGM2 (Transglutaminase 2) knockout A549 cell line ab261876. Wild-type A549 and TGM2 knockout cell lysates were subjected to SDS-PAGE. Membranes were blocked in 5% milk in TBST for 1 hr before incubation with ab109200 overnight at 4 °C at a 1/10000 dilution. Blots were incubated with secondary antibodies at 0.2 µg/mL before imaging.

    These data were provided by YCharOS Inc., an open science company with the mission of characterizing commercially available antibody reagents for all human proteins. Abcam and YCharOS are working together to help address the reproducibility crisis by enabling the life science community to better evaluate commercially available antibodies.

    All lanes: Western blot - Anti-Transglutaminase 2 antibody [EP2957] (ab109200) at 1/10000 dilution

    Lane 1: Wild-type A549 lysate at 40 µg

    Lane 2: TGM2 knock-out A549 lysate at 40 µg

    Observed band size: 75 kDa

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