Anti-TXNRD1 antibody [EPR10204(B)]

Supplementary info

This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.

Activity summary

Thioredoxin reductase 1 (TXNRD1) also known as TRXR1 is a selenoprotein that plays an important role in maintaining cellular redox balance by catalyzing the reduction of thioredoxin (TRX). It possesses a molecular mass of approximately 55 kDa. TXNRD1 can be found in many tissues displaying a stronger presence in the liver kidney and pancreas indicating its significance in these organs. The enzyme contains a selenocysteine residue at its active site which is essential for its enzymatic activity.

Biological function summary

TXNRD1 functions as an integral part of the thioredoxin system which includes thioredoxin and NADPH. It maintains the redox homeostasis in cells by regenerating oxidized thioredoxin. This action allows thioredoxin to in turn reduce disulfide bonds in various substrate proteins. Furthermore TXNRD1 participates in regulating cellular processes such as DNA synthesis and repair signal transduction and antioxidant defense. It does not work alone but collaborates with various redox-active components to achieve its roles.

Pathways

TXNRD1 participates in the antioxidant defense and redox signaling pathways. Within the antioxidant defense pathway TXNRD1 along with thioredoxin provides resistance to oxidative stress. In the redox signaling pathway the protein interacts with NF-κB signaling processes impacting cell inflammation and apoptosis. These pathways are vital for cellular health and are connected through thioredoxin emphasizing the interconnected nature of TXNRD1-related processes.

Associated diseases and disorders

TXNRD1 has associations with cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. Elevated levels of TXNRD1 have been observed in various cancers including lung and hepatocellular carcinoma suggesting a role in tumor growth and survival through redox regulation. Additionally TXNRD1 is linked to neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's where oxidative stress plays a contributory role. In these conditions TXNRD1 interacts closely with other redox proteins like glutathione reductase highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target.