Anti-Zika virus NS4B protein antibody [HL1663]

Supplementary info

This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.

Activity summary

The Zika virus envelope protein also known as the E protein facilitates the virus's entry into host cells. This protein participates in the virus's attachment and fusion processes. It generally consists of three domains and has an approximate molecular mass of 53 kDa. Expression of this envelope protein occurs on the surface of the Zika virus particle after its synthesis in the host cell's endoplasmic reticulum. E proteins allow the Zika virus to interact with cell receptors aiding in the virus's ability to establish an infection.

Biological function summary

The Zika virus envelope protein initiates fusion with the host cell membrane enabling the release of viral RNA into the host cytoplasm. This process is not solitary; it works as part of a complex involving other viral proteins like the membrane protein (M protein). The E protein has a role in immune system evasion by altering its structure and glycan shielding which complicates recognition by host antibodies. These aspects help the virus persist and replicate within its host.

Pathways

The Zika virus envelope protein engages in the viral entry and replication pathways. A critical pathway involves receptor-mediated endocytosis reliant on host cell receptors to internalize the virus. The E protein works alongside the prM protein a precursor of the M protein to facilitate structural rearrangement necessary for the membrane fusion. The protein also impacts signaling pathways that influence the host's cell cycle which provides a favorable environment for viral replication and expression.

Associated diseases and disorders

Several are associated with the activity of the Zika virus envelope protein. It is most notably linked to Zika virus infections which can lead to microcephaly and other severe birth defects in newborns when contracted during pregnancy. The envelope protein interacts with host immune proteins like the complement system which sometimes leads to an exaggerated immune response complicating recovery and potentially causing autoimmunity. Zika's E protein shares similarities with envelope proteins of other flaviviruses such as Dengue virus which further complicates immune recognition due to cross-reactive antibodies.