Human IgE protein (Azide free)

Supplementary info

This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.

Activity summary

The IgE protein [also known as immunoglobulin E] is a type of antibody with a molecular mass of approximately 190 kDa. IgE is expressed primarily on the surface of mast cells and basophils. It plays a central role in the immune system by binding to allergens and triggering the release of inflammatory mediators from mast cells and basophils. IgE's high-affinity binding to its receptor FcεRI on these effector cells facilitates this process. IgE's activity is central to initiating immediate hypersensitivity reactions which are a part of the body's immune response.

Biological function summary

The IgE protein functions as a mediator in allergic reactions. It does not operate as part of a complex but directly interacts with allergens and the IgE-specific receptors on immune cells. IgE's role is important in defense against parasitic infections where it performs a protective function by promoting eosinophil activation and degranulation. This action helps the body to expel the parasites. In the absence of parasitic infection IgE's function translates into its role in allergic responses where it becomes responsible for the symptoms associated with allergic diseases.

Pathways

IgE is an important player in the immune response pathway. The protein interacts with allergy-related pathways such as the T helper 2 (Th2) pathway. IgE's role in this pathway involves cooperation with cytokines notably IL-4 and IL-13 which are produced by Th2 cells and promote IgE synthesis in B cells. Also IgE is linked to the FcεRI receptor signaling pathway that initiates the release of histamines and other mediators when IgE binds to an allergen leading to an allergic response.

Associated diseases and disorders

IgE is closely linked to allergic conditions like asthma and allergic rhinitis. These conditions result from IgE-mediated inflammatory responses that affect the respiratory system. In asthma IgE antibodies play a role in airway inflammation and hyperreactivity by promoting the activation of multiple immune cells including eosinophils and mast cells. IgE's involvement in allergic rhinitis manifests through similar mechanisms with nasal inflammation and irritation. IgE's interaction with other proteins such as histamine-releasing factor exacerbates these conditions by increasing the release of histamine which intensifies the allergic symptoms.