Native Cow Thrombin protein is a Cow Full Length protein, expressed in Native, with >95%, suitable for SDS-PAGE, FuncS.
View Alternative Names
Prothrombin, Coagulation factor II, F2
- SDS-PAGE
Supplier Data
SDS-PAGE - Native Cow Thrombin protein (AB62389)
SDS-PAGE analysis of ab62389 for 1ug protein.
Novex 4-12% Bis-Tris Gel
NR= non-reduced; R = reduced
Reactivity data
Product details
Sequence info
Properties and storage information
Shipped at conditions
Appropriate short-term storage conditions
Appropriate long-term storage conditions
Aliquoting information
Storage information
Supplementary information
This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.
Biological function summary
Thrombin modulates several physiological processes beyond clot formation. It serves as a signaling molecule interacting with protease-activated receptors (PARs) to influence cell functions including proliferation migration and apoptosis. Thrombin forms part of the prothrombinase complex comprised of prothrombin activated Factor X (Xa) and Factor V on phospholipid surfaces. This complex is critical for thrombin generation during the clotting cascade. Thrombin's activity extends to involvement in wound healing and inflammation regulation.
Pathways
Thrombin significantly participates in the coagulation and fibrinolytic pathways. It not only converts fibrinogen to fibrin in the coagulation pathway but also activates inhibitors like antithrombin which regulates thrombin and other protease activities. Thrombin's interaction with fibrinolysis where tPA and plasminogen are substrates integrates clot disintegration processes. Thrombin's connectivity with proteins such as Factor VII Protein C and antithrombin outlines its diverse role in maintaining hemostatic balance.
Specifications
Form
Liquid
Additional notes
Prepared using a modification of the Lundblad procedure as described by Nesheim et al. JBC 1983. Purity is determined by SDS-PAGE analysis.
General info
Function
Thrombin, which cleaves bonds after Arg and Lys, converts fibrinogen to fibrin and activates factors V, VII, VIII, XIII, and, in complex with thrombomodulin, protein C. Functions in blood homeostasis, inflammation and wound healing (By similarity). Activates coagulation factor XI (F11); activation is promoted by the contact with negatively charged surfaces (By similarity). Triggers the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as MCP-1/CCL2 and IL8/CXCL8, in endothelial cells (By similarity).
Sequence similarities
Belongs to the peptidase S1 family.
Post-translational modifications
The gamma-carboxyglutamyl residues, which bind calcium ions, result from the carboxylation of glutamyl residues by a microsomal enzyme, the vitamin K-dependent carboxylase. The modified residues are necessary for the calcium-dependent interaction with a negatively charged phospholipid surface, which is essential for the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin.. In the penultimate step of the coagulation cascade, prothrombin is converted to thrombin by the prothrombinase complex composed of factor Xa (F10), cofactor Va (F5), and phospholipids. This activation requires factor Xa-catalyzed sequential cleavage at 2 sites, Arg-317 and Arg-366, along 2 possible pathways. In the first pathway, the first cleavage occurs at Arg-317, leading to the formation of the inactive intermediate prethrombin-2. This pathway preferentially occurs on platelets and in the absence of cofactor Va. In the second pathway, the first cleavage occurs at Arg-366, which separates protease domain into 2 chains that remain connected through a disulfide bond and generates the active intermediate meizothrombin. The presence of cofactor Va directs activation along the meizothrombin pathway and greatly accelerates the rate of cleavage at Arg-366, but has a smaller effect on the cleavage of meizothrombin at Arg-317. Meizothrombin accumulates as an intermediate when prothrombinase is assembled on the membrane of red blood cells.
Target data
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