Native Human Apolipoprotein A I

Supplementary info

This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.

Activity summary

Apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I) is a major component of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles often referred to as 'good cholesterol'. It has a molecular mass of approximately 28 kDa. ApoA-I is mainly expressed in the liver and intestine. It plays a mechanical role in the reverse transport of cholesterol acting to facilitate the efflux of cholesterol from tissues to the liver for excretion. Its alternative names include ApoAI ApoA1 and a component of the AI kits used for measuring this protein.

Biological function summary

ApoA-I functions in cholesterol homeostasis and inflammation. It is a structural component of the HDL complex that mobilizes cholesterol. ApoA-I acts as an activator of the enzyme lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) which is essential for the maturation of HDL particles. This maturation is necessary for effective cholesterol transport and clearance. ApoA-I's ability to stabilize HDL particles and enhance their functionality makes it significant for maintaining lipid balance and cellular homeostasis.

Pathways

The interaction of ApoA-I with HDL formation and function marks its role in lipid metabolism pathways. Its participation in the reverse cholesterol transport pathway highlights its influence on cardiovascular health. ApoA-I also interacts with other proteins like ApoA-II and paraoxonase-1 which further influence lipid metabolism and antioxidant activities. Understanding these relationships helps elucidate the dynamics of cholesterol removal from the bloodstream.

Associated diseases and disorders

Disturbances in ApoA-I levels correlate with cardiovascular disease and atherosclerosis. Deficiency or dysfunction in ApoA-I can impair HDL function leading to poor cholesterol removal and buildup within arteries. It is also connected to amyloidosis where misfolded ApoA-I forms deposits in tissues. Understanding these pathological conditions helps researchers target ApoA-I in therapeutic strategies to mitigate disease progression often studying it alongside proteins like ApoB which is associated with low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles.