Native Human Apolipoprotein B

Supplementary information

This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.

Apolipoprotein B often referred to as ApoB is a core protein component of low-density lipoproteins (LDL) and is essential for their assembly and secretion. ApoB is also known as apolipoproteine B and apolipoprotein B protein. This protein has a large molecular weight approximately 550 kDa. ApoB is primarily expressed in the liver and to some extent in the intestine. Its large size allows it to provide structural integrity to lipoprotein particles playing a role in lipid metabolism.

Biological function summary

ApoB plays a significant role in lipid transport and metabolism. It is a critical component of the lipoprotein particle complex which is responsible for the transport of lipids such as cholesterol and triglycerides through the bloodstream. ApoB helps in the binding of lipoproteins to cell receptors facilitating the uptake of lipids by tissues. Its presence on the surface of lipoproteins makes it important for normal cholesterol homeostasis in the human body.

Pathways

ApoB is integrated within the lipid metabolism pathway. It interacts with proteins such as microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) during the assembly and secretion of lipoproteins. This pathway is essential for the normal transport of lipids throughout the body and influences processes like absorption of dietary fats. ApoB also plays a role in the pathways related to atherosclerosis where it influences the deposition of cholesterol in arterial walls.

ApoB is well-associated with cardiovascular diseases notably atherosclerosis and familial hypercholesterolemia. In these conditions elevated levels of ApoB correlate to an increased risk of plaque formation in blood vessels. ApoB in conjunction with LDL receptor and other related proteins influences lipid homeostasis and disorders where lipid oxidation or accumulation is present. Monitoring ApoB and its concentration can be vital for assessing cardiovascular disease risk.