Recombinant Cynomolgus CD46 (Active) protein

Supplementary information

This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.

CD46 also known as membrane cofactor protein (MCP) is a type I membrane protein with a molecular weight around 50-70 kDa due to glycosylation variability. This protein serves as a regulatory component in the complement system which protects host cells from damage by complement components. CD46 is widely expressed on almost all nucleated human cells. It plays a role in inactivating C3b and C4b components of the complement cascade preventing autologous complement-mediated damage. The gene coding for CD46 is located on chromosome 1q32 a region known for encoding several complement regulatory proteins.

Biological function summary

Beyond its complement regulatory role CD46 acts in immune response modulation and reproduction. It forms a part of a protein complex that involves members such as decay-accelerating factor and complement receptor 1. CD46 also engages in intracellular signaling that affects T cell function and differentiation. In the reproductive context it participates in sperm-oocyte fusion and has a role in trophoblast fusion during placental formation.

Pathways

CD46 integrates into various signaling pathways including the complement and T cell receptor signaling pathways. In the complement pathway CD46 interacts with C3b and factor I promoting cleavage and inactivation of C3b leading to pathway regulation. Involvement in the T cell receptor pathway hints that CD46 signaling protects against overactive immune responses by promoting a switch to a regulatory T cell phenotype which can modulate immunity and prevent autoimmunity.

CD46 has connections with autoimmune conditions and infectious diseases. For instance alterations in CD46 expression or function can contribute to atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome where dysregulation of the complement pathway occurs. Additionally certain pathogens like Neisseria gonorrhoeae utilize CD46 as a receptor for infection. CD46’s interaction with proteins such as C3b connects it directly to complement-related conditions highlighting its importance in maintaining immune system balance.