Recombinant cynomolgus monkey TIGIT protein (Active)

Supplementary information

This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.

TIGIT also known as T cell immunoreceptor with Ig and ITIM domains is an immunoglobulin superfamily receptor. It weighs approximately 26 kDa. TIGIT commonly expresses on T cells especially on regulatory T cells (Tregs) and effector memory T cells. It also presents on natural killer (NK) cells. Among its alternate forms some notable ones also include the anti-TIGIT and biotinylated TIGIT antibodies used in experimental research to monitor immune responses.

Biological function summary

TIGIT acts as an inhibitory receptor modulating immune responses. It belongs to the CD28 family and binds to poliovirus receptor (PVR) and nectin-2 on antigen-presenting cells. This interaction inhibits T cell activation and proliferation and increases Treg cell activity maintaining immune homeostasis. TIGIT forms a complex with other inhibitory receptors like PD-1 2B4 and CD96 to further regulate immune functions.

Pathways

The interaction of TIGIT with its ligands significantly affects the immune checkpoint pathway. This involvement regulates T cell and NK cell activity. TIGIT is related to CD226 (DNAM-1) which competes for binding to its ligands influencing cellular signaling pathways. Through these pathways TIGIT signals through the downstream SHP-1 and SHP-2 proteins affecting immune cell signaling and response.

TIGIT has implications in cancer and autoimmune diseases. Its inhibitory function can allow tumor progression by dampening effective anti-tumor immunity. In cancer TIGIT’s activity often pairs with PD-1 both contributing to immune checkpoint blockade resistance necessary for tumor evasion. In autoimmune diseases increased TIGIT expression could result in reduced immune cell attack against self tissues showing its potential to modulate treatment strategies.