Recombinant Dog Serum Amyloid A protein (Tagged)

Supplementary information

This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.

Serum Amyloid A (SAA) is an important acute-phase protein with a mass of approximately 12 kDa. It plays a role in inflammation and is present in the serum. SAA is an apolipoprotein that associates with high-density lipoprotein (HDL) during inflammatory states. The protein is expressed mainly in the liver and circulating SAA levels greatly increase during inflammatory responses marking it as an important marker for inflammation.

Biological function summary

SAA contributes to the body's immune response to injury by recruiting immune cells and facilitating the removal of cholesterol. As part of the acute-phase response SAA integrates into HDL displacing other apolipoproteins and altering HDL's function. Increased SAA levels can also modulate prostaglandin synthesis and secretion influencing the inflammatory response. The exact role of SAA in pathways beyond these functions continues to be a subject of research.

Pathways

SAA influences lipid metabolism and inflammatory pathways. It plays a significant role within the acute-phase response pathway which modulates the immune system’s reaction to stress such as infection or injury. Another pathway involves cholesterol metabolism where SAA interacts with apolipoproteins AI and AII altering the composition and function of HDL particles.

High levels of SAA associate with amyloidosis and chronic inflammatory diseases. In amyloidosis misfolded SAA proteins deposit as amyloid fibrils in tissues leading to organ dysfunction. In dogs and other species SAA is used as a biomarker to monitor inflammatory diseases. Its connection with C-reactive protein further emphasizes its role in inflammatory processes. Research continues to explore how modulating SAA levels may impact disease progression and treatment.