Recombinant Human AGXT protein

Supplementary info

This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.

Activity summary

The biological target AGXT also known as alanine-glyoxylate aminotransferase plays an important role in human metabolism. It is a liver-specific enzyme with an approximate molecular weight of 43 kDa. AGXT is expressed primarily in liver peroxisomes where it catalyzes the transamination reaction that converts glyoxylate to glycine. This enzymatic activity is important for detoxifying glyoxylate which otherwise could accumulate and result in harmful effects. The expression level and activity of AGXT can be influenced by various metabolic conditions.

Biological function summary

The conversion of glyoxylate to glycine mediated by AGXT helps in maintaining cellular homeostasis. AGXT is not part of large protein complexes but it directly influences the pathways leading to amino acid metabolism. By converting glyoxylate into glycine this enzyme plays a part in managing the precursors necessary for the biosynthesis of other important biomolecules including serine and pyruvate. As glyoxylate is an important intermediary its conversion is essential for metabolic flux.

Pathways

AGXT has a significant role in the glyoxylate metabolic pathway and the glycine serine and threonine metabolism pathway. In these pathways it works closely with other enzymes like glycine decarboxylase and serine hydroxymethyltransferase. The proper functioning of these pathways ensures efficient energy utilization and detoxification in the human body. Any disruption can affect the balance of amino acid concentrations leading to metabolic disturbances.

Associated diseases and disorders

AGXT is most prominently linked to primary hyperoxaluria type 1 (PH1) which is a rare genetic condition. In PH1 mutations in the AGXT gene lead to its dysfunctional enzyme causing the accumulation of oxalate and subsequent kidney stone formation and renal failure. The disease connection places AGXT in relation to key proteins involved in oxalate metabolism and renal function such as glycolate oxidase. Understanding AGXT's role in these disorders opens pathways for therapeutic interventions and advanced research into metabolic regulation.