Recombinant Human alpha Lactalbumin protein (His tag)

Supplementary information

This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.

Alpha-lactalbumin commonly known as lactalbumin or alpha-lactoglobulin has a mass of approximately 14.2 kDa. This protein is mainly expressed in the mammary glands of mammals where it serves an important function in lactose synthesis. It modifies the action of galactosyltransferase an enzyme to enable the transfer of sugar units resulting in the production of lactose. The biochemical role of this lactalbumin protein including its unique structure is important in adapting the lactation system to meet the nutritional needs of offspring.

Biological function summary

Alpha-lactalbumin's role is closely linked to the synthesis and secretion of milk. It functions as part of the lactose synthase complex which is essential for converting glucose to lactose. This conversion is important because lactose dictates milk osmotic pressure affecting milk volume and overall composition. In addition to its primary role in milk production this protein structure supports various cellular processes due to its ability to bind calcium and other ions.

Pathways

Alpha-lactalbumin participates mainly in the lactose synthesis pathway. In this metabolic map it interacts extensively with other proteins involved in milk production particularly beta-14-galactosyltransferase. This interaction enhances the efficiency of lactose production. Its presence in these pathways epitomizes the close relationship and cellular coordination needed for effective lactose synthesis during lactation.

Researchers have identified connections between alpha-lactalbumin and breast cancer as well as lactose intolerance. Changes in the expression levels of this protein can impact the development and regulation of tumors in breast tissue linked to interactions with proteins such as casein. Furthermore variants of alpha-lactalbumin can affect individuals with lactose intolerance where the protein's role in regulating lactose production must be managed to alleviate symptoms.