Recombinant Human Alpha-synuclein protein aggregate (Active) is a Human Full Length SNCA protein, in the 1 to 140 aa range with >95% purity, <= 20 EU/mL endotoxin level and suitable for western blot, Functional studies and SDS-PAGE. The predicted molecular weight of ab218819 recombinant protein is 14.5 kDa.
- Suitable for Thioflavin T Fluorescence assay
- Save time and ensure accurate results - use recombinant Alpha-synuclein (SNCA) protein
- Optimal protein bioactivity, stability and reproducibility
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- Life science alliance 7:2024Nr1h4 and Thrb ameliorate ER stress and provide protection in the MPTP mouse model of Parkinson's.Applications:Unspecified applicationReactive species:Unspecified reactive speciesNancy Ahuja,Shalini Gupta,Rashmi Arora,Ella Bhagyaraj,Drishti Tiwari,Sumit Kumar,Pawan GuptaPubMed 38609183
- Cells 12:2023The Pesticide Chlordecone Promotes Parkinsonism-like Neurodegeneration with Tau Lesions in Midbrain Cultures and Worms.Applications:Unspecified applicationReactive species:Unspecified reactive speciesValeria Parrales-Macias,Patrick P Michel,Aurore Tourville,Rita Raisman-Vozari,Stéphane Haïk,Stéphane Hunot,Nicolas Bizat,Annie LannuzelPubMed 37174736
- Cells 11:2022UBA52 Is Crucial in HSP90 Ubiquitylation and Neurodegenerative Signaling during Early Phase of Parkinson's Disease.Applications:Unspecified applicationReactive species:Unspecified reactive speciesShubhangini Tiwari,Abhishek Singh,Parul Gupta,Sarika SinghPubMed 36497031
- Frontiers in immunology 13:8335152022Celastrol Downmodulates Alpha-Synuclein-Specific T Cell Responses by Mediating Antigen Trafficking in Dendritic Cells.Applications:Unspecified applicationReactive species:Unspecified reactive speciesLam Ng,Xiaohui Wang,Chuanbin Yang,Chengfu Su,Min Li,Allen Ka Loon CheungPubMed 35309340
- Biomolecules 12:2022Spreading of Aggregated α-Synuclein in Sagittal Organotypic Mouse Brain Slices.Applications:Unspecified applicationReactive species:Unspecified reactive speciesBuket Uçar,Nadia Stefanova,Christian HumpelPubMed 35204664
- Nature communications 12:59072021Modeling alpha-synuclein pathology in a human brain-chip to assess blood-brain barrier disruption.Applications:Unspecified applicationReactive species:Unspecified reactive speciesIosif Pediaditakis,Konstantia R Kodella,Dimitris V Manatakis,Christopher Y Le,Chris D Hinojosa,William Tien-Street,Elias S Manolakos,Kostas Vekrellis,Geraldine A Hamilton,Lorna Ewart,Lee L Rubin,Katia KaralisPubMed 34625559
- Frontiers in neuroscience 15:6396462021Inflammatory Responses to Monomeric and Aggregated α-Synuclein in Peripheral Blood of Parkinson Disease Patients.Applications:Unspecified applicationReactive species:Unspecified reactive speciesFederica Piancone,Marina Saresella,Francesca La Rosa,Ivana Marventano,Mario Meloni,Jorge Navarro,Mario ClericiPubMed 33867921
- Cell death & disease 12:2182021Targeted de-repression of neuronal Nrf2 inhibits α-synuclein accumulation.Applications:Unspecified applicationReactive species:Unspecified reactive speciesPaul S Baxter,Nóra M Márkus,Owen Dando,Xin He,Bashayer R Al-Mubarak,Jing Qiu,Giles E HardinghamPubMed 33637689
Key facts
- Purity
- >95% SDS-PAGE
- Endotoxin level
- <= 20 EU/mL
- Expression system
- Escherichia coli
- Tags
- Tag free
- Applications
- SDS-PAGE, FuncS, EM
- Biologically active
- Yes
Amino acid sequence
M D V F M K G L S K A K E G V V A A A E K T K Q G V A E A A G K T K E G V L Y V G S K T K E G V V H G V A T V A E K T K E Q V T N V G G A V V T G V T A V A Q K T V E G A G S I A A A T G F V K K D Q L G K N E E G A P Q E G I L E D M P V D P D N E A Y E M P S E E G Y Q D Y E P E A
Reactivity data
| Application | Reactivity | Dilution info | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
Application SDS-PAGE | Reactivity Reacts | Dilution info - | Notes - |
Application FuncS | Reactivity Reacts | Dilution info - | Notes - |
Application EM | Reactivity Reacts | Dilution info - | Notes - |
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Target data
Function
The protein expressed by the SNCA gene is involved in various synaptic activities, including the regulation of synaptic vesicle trafficking and neurotransmitter release. As a monomer, it enhances synaptic vesicle exocytosis through vesicle priming, fusion, and dilation of exocytotic fusion pores. Mechanistically, it increases local Ca(2+) release, which is crucial for ATP-induced exocytosis. In its multimeric membrane-bound form, SNCA acts as a molecular chaperone, assisting in the folding of synaptic fusion components known as SNAREs at the presynaptic plasma membrane, in conjunction with cysteine string protein-alpha/DNAJC5, a function that is vital for maintaining normal SNARE-complex assembly during aging. Additionally, SNCA plays a role in dopamine neurotransmission regulation by associating with the dopamine transporter (DAT1) and modulating its activity. This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.
Alternative names
NACP, PARK1, SNCA, Alpha-synuclein, Non-A beta component of AD amyloid, Non-A4 component of amyloid precursor
Recommended products
Recombinant Human Alpha-synuclein protein aggregate (Active) is a Human Full Length SNCA protein, in the 1 to 140 aa range with >95% purity, <= 20 EU/mL endotoxin level and suitable for western blot, Functional studies and SDS-PAGE. The predicted molecular weight of ab218819 recombinant protein is 14.5 kDa.
- Suitable for Thioflavin T Fluorescence assay
- Save time and ensure accurate results - use recombinant Alpha-synuclein (SNCA) protein
- Optimal protein bioactivity, stability and reproducibility
Key facts
- Purity
- >95% SDS-PAGE
- Endotoxin level
- <= 20 EU/mL
- Expression system
- Escherichia coli
- Tags
- Tag free
- Applications
- SDS-PAGE, FuncS, EM
- Biologically active
- Yes
- Biological activity
- Endogenous alpha-synuclein phosphorylation.
100 μM alpha synuclein protein monomer (ab218818) seeded with 10 μM alpha synuclein protein aggregate (ab218819) in 25 μM Thioflavin T (ab120751) (PBS pH 7.4, 100 μl reaction volume) generated a fluorescence intensity of 13,000 Relative Fluorescence Units after incubation at 37°C with shaking at 600 rpm for 24 hours.
Fluorescence was measured by excitation at 450 nm and emission at 485 nm on a microplate reader.
Endotoxin Level: 10-20 EU/mL
- Accession
- P37840-1
- Animal free
- No
- Species
- Human
- Concentration
- Storage buffer
Constituents: 95% PBS
Sequence info
Amino acid sequence
- M D V F M K G L S K A K E G V V A A A E K T K Q G V A E A A G K T K E G V L Y V G S K T K E G V V H G V A T V A E K T K E Q V T N V G G A V V T G V T A V A Q K T V E G A G S I A A A T G F V K K D Q L G K N E E G A P Q E G I L E D M P V D P D N E A Y E M P S E E G Y Q D Y E P E A
- Accession
- P37840
- Protein length
- Full Length
- Predicted molecular weight
- 14.46 kDa
- Amino acids
- 1 to 140
- Nature
- Recombinant
Specifications
- Form
- Liquid
- Additional notes
ab218819 was purified by ion-exchange.
General info
- Function
The protein expressed by the SNCA gene is involved in various synaptic activities, including the regulation of synaptic vesicle trafficking and neurotransmitter release. As a monomer, it enhances synaptic vesicle exocytosis through vesicle priming, fusion, and dilation of exocytotic fusion pores. Mechanistically, it increases local Ca(2+) release, which is crucial for ATP-induced exocytosis. In its multimeric membrane-bound form, SNCA acts as a molecular chaperone, assisting in the folding of synaptic fusion components known as SNAREs at the presynaptic plasma membrane, in conjunction with cysteine string protein-alpha/DNAJC5, a function that is vital for maintaining normal SNARE-complex assembly during aging. Additionally, SNCA plays a role in dopamine neurotransmission regulation by associating with the dopamine transporter (DAT1) and modulating its activity.
This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.- Sequence similarities
Belongs to the synuclein family.
- Post-translational modifications
Phosphorylated, predominantly on serine residues. Phosphorylation by CK1 appears to occur on residues distinct from the residue phosphorylated by other kinases. Phosphorylation of Ser-129 is selective and extensive in synucleinopathy lesions. In vitro, phosphorylation at Ser-129 promoted insoluble fibril formation. Phosphorylated on Tyr-125 by a PTK2B-dependent pathway upon osmotic stress.
- Subcellular localisation
- Nucleus
Storage
- Shipped at conditions
- Dry Ice
- Appropriate short-term storage conditions
- -80°C
- Appropriate long-term storage conditions
- -80°C
- Storage information
- Avoid freeze / thaw cycle
This product is an active protein and may elicit a biological response in vivo, handle with caution.
Notes
Ensure the validity of your result using our Recombinant Alpha-synuclein (SNCA) protein Native Human IgG FC fragment protein ab90285 as a control.
ab218819 can be used as a positive control in SDS-PAGE and western blot assays.
Check out our Thioflavin T assay protocol here.
For best results, sonicate ab218819 immediately prior to use. Sonication of PFFs is required in order to obtain fibrils with an average length of ~50nm, the optimal size for pathology.
Supplementary info
- This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.
- Activity summary
Alpha-synuclein often referred to by alternate names such as SNCA is a protein of around 14 kDa mass. It mainly expresses in the brain particularly in presynaptic nerve terminals. This protein functions mechanically by stabilizing synaptic vesicles and maintaining synaptic function. It exists both in soluble monomer forms and as aggregates in protein filaments. Antibodies like 4D6 and EP1536Y target monomer forms of protein for more detailed studies.
- Biological function summary
The alpha-synuclein protein plays critical roles in neuronal activity. It contributes to neurotransmitter release regulation by acting in the formation and plasticity of the presynaptic neuronal network. Alpha-synuclein doesn't usually form parts of large protein complexes but it may associate transiently with membranes and vesicular structures. The protein's monomer form has also been observed in alpha lines and related neuronal processes operating alongside various cellular functions.
- Pathways
Synaptic vesicle trafficking and dopamine neurotransmitter release are significant areas involving the alpha-synuclein protein. In these pathways alpha-synuclein interacts with other proteins like synaptophysin and protein monomer monomerizations are intrinsic to these processes. Altered function or aggregation of alpha-synuclein disrupts these pathways influencing broader neurological functions.
- Associated diseases and disorders
Alterations or accumulations of alpha-synuclein are strongly linked to Parkinson's disease and Lewy body dementia. In these conditions alpha-synuclein forms abnormal protein filaments known as Lewy bodies within neurons. These formations disrupt cellular processes and neuron health. Synucleinopathies such as these show connections with proteins like parkin and DJ-1 which also have key roles in these neurodegenerative diseases.
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10 product images
Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - Recombinant Human Alpha-synuclein protein aggregate (Active) (ab218819)
Immunohistochemical analysis of primary rat hippocampal neurons showing lewy body inclusion formation when treated with active Alpha Synuclein Protein Aggregate (ab218819) at 4 μg/ml (D-F), but not when treated with control Alpha Synuclein Protein Aggregate (Recombinant Human Alpha-synuclein protein aggregate (Type 2) ab218817) at 4 μg/ml (A-C). Tissue: Primary hippocampal neurons. Species: Sprague-Dawley rat. Fixation: 4% formaldehyde from PFA. Primary antibody: Mouse anti-pSer129 Antibody at 1/1000 24 hours at 4°C. Secondary antibody: FITC Goat Anti-Mouse (green) at 1/700 for 1 hour at RT. Counterstain: Hoechst (blue) nuclear stain at 1/4000 for 1 hour at RT. Localization: Lewy body incluscions. Magnification: 20x.
Functional Studies - Recombinant Human Alpha-synuclein protein aggregate (Active) (ab218819)
ab218819 seeds the formation of new alpha synuclein fibrils from the pool of alpha synuclein monomers.
Thioflavin T is a fluorescent dye that binds to beta sheet-rich structures, such as those in alpha synuclein fibrils. Upon binding, the emission spectrum of the dye experiences a red-shift, and increased fluorescence intensity.
Thioflavin T emission curves show increased fluorescence (correlated to alpha synuclein protein aggregation) over time when 10 μM of ab218819 is combined with 100 μM of alpha synuclein monomer, as compared to ab218819 alone and alpha synuclein monomer alone.
Thioflavin T ex = 450 nm, em = 485 nm.
Electron Microscopy - Recombinant Human Alpha-synuclein protein aggregate (Active) (ab218819)
TEM of active human alpha synuclein preformed fibrils (ab218819). Fibrils were sonicated and treated with uranyl acetate.
SDS-PAGE - Recombinant Human Alpha-synuclein protein aggregate (Active) (ab218819)
SDS-PAGE analysis of ab218819.
Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - Recombinant Human Alpha-synuclein protein aggregate (Active) (ab218819)
Immunohistochemistry analysis of rat brain injected with active human alpha synuclein PFFs (ab218819). Species: Female Sprague-Dawley Rat. Rat was injected with 2μL active human alpha synuclein PFFs (ab218819) in each of 2 injection sites: AP+1.6, ML+2.4, DV-4.2 from skull; and AP-1.4, ML+0.2, DV-2.8 from skull. 30-days post-injection. Fixation: Saline perfusion followed by 4% PFA fixation for 48 hrs. Secondary Antibody: Biotin-SP Donkey Anti-Rabbit IgG (H+L) at 1:500 for 2 hours in cold room with shaking. ABC signal amplification, DAB staining. Alpha synuclein pathology is seen in the striatum close to an injection site.
Electron Microscopy - Recombinant Human Alpha-synuclein protein aggregate (Active) (ab218819)
TEM of ab218819.
Electron Microscopy - Recombinant Human Alpha-synuclein protein aggregate (Active) (ab218819)
TEM of active human alpha synuclein preformed fibrils (ab218819) (top) and control (inactive) human alpha synuclein preformed fibrils (Recombinant Human Alpha-synuclein protein aggregate (Type 2) ab218817) (bottom). Fibrils were sonicated and treated with uranyl acetate. The active fibrils are shorter than the inactive fibrils.
Electron Microscopy - Recombinant Human Alpha-synuclein protein aggregate (Active) (ab218819)
TEM of active human alpha synuclein preformed fibrils (ab218819) (top) and control (inactive) human alpha synuclein preformed fibrils (Recombinant Human Alpha-synuclein protein aggregate (Type 2) ab218817) (bottom). Fibrils were sonicated and treated with uranyl acetate. The active fibrils are shorter than the inactive fibrils.
Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence - Recombinant Human Alpha-synuclein protein aggregate (Active) (ab218819)
ab218819 was shown to be taken up by SH-SY5Y cells and transmitted to neuronal iPSCs within 14 days. Blue: Hoechst/DNA; Green: SHSY5Y-GFP; Red: Alpha-synuclein protein aggregate (ab218819); Purple: Tubulin.
Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence - Recombinant Human Alpha-synuclein protein aggregate (Active) (ab218819)
Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence analysis of human iPSC-derived neurons treated with alpha synuclein pre-formed fibrils (ab218819). Primary Antibody: Mouse Anti-Alpha Synuclein (pSer129) Monoclonal Antibody at 1:1000 for O/N at 4°C. Secondary Antibody: Anti-Rabbit: A488 at 1:1000 for 1 hour at RT. Magnification: 40X. Nuclear stain: Hoechst- 20 min, RT (blue). Actin stain: Phalloidin-647- 20 min, RT (magenta). 4K cells per well. Negative control; no fibrils added to well. B) 7 days after addition of active recombinant human pre-formed fibrils (Type 1). Fibrils were sonicated before use and applied 2.5 ug per well
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