Recombinant Human Apolipoprotein L1/APOL1

Supplementary information

This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.

Apolipoprotein L1 also known as APOL1 is a protein with a mass of approximately 42 kDa. It is primarily expressed in the liver but can also be found in various tissues including the placenta pancreas and kidney. As a part of the apolipoprotein family APOL1 contributes to lipid binding and transport processes. The protein is involved in innate immunity due to its ability to bind and kill certain trypanosomes which are parasites that can cause disease in humans.

Biological function summary

APOL1 functions as a component in lipid transport and immune response. It plays an important role in the lytic pathway against trypanosomes by forming a pore in their lysosomal membranes leading to cell death. While it does not form part of a larger complex its activity is important when interacting with other factors and lipids. APOL1's actions demonstrate an integral aspect of the body's defense system particularly with its influence on cellular structures through lipid interactions.

Pathways

APOL1 is involved in the regulation of lipid metabolism and immune response pathways. It plays a role in the high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particle remodeling pathway. Another significant pathway involving APOL1 is the APOL family protein pathway which includes related proteins like APOL2 and APOL3. These proteins collaboratively contribute to intracellular lipid transport and immune defense establishing an interconnected network among them.

There is a significant connection between APOL1 variants and chronic kidney disease (CKD) and non-diabetic forms of End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD). The risk alleles of the APOL1 gene are associated with increased incidence of CKD especially in individuals of African descent. These associations highlight the interaction between APOL1 and renal pathology as well as its linkage to other proteins like MYH9 which also relate to kidney diseases. Understanding APOL1's role in these conditions may aid in developing targeted medical interventions.