Recombinant Human ATF1 protein

Supplementary information

This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.

'ATF1' also known as activating transcription factor 1 is a protein with a mass of approximately 29 kDa. This protein belongs to the ATF/CREB family of transcription factors and functions as a DNA-binding protein. It plays an important role in regulating gene expression by binding to cAMP response elements (CRE) in the promoter regions of target genes. ATF1 is widely expressed in multiple tissues including the brain and various endocrine organs functioning as an important regulator of cellular responses to environmental stimuli.

Biological function summary

ATF1 participates in the regulation of various cellular processes including proliferation differentiation and response to stress signals. It can form heterodimers with other members of the CREB family such as CREB1 allowing it to regulate diverse gene sets. These complexes enhance the DNA-binding affinity and transcriptional activity directed by CRE sites influencing cellular homeostasis and adaptation. Additionally post-translational modifications such as phosphorylation by protein kinases modulate ATF1 activity and stability.

Pathways

ATF1 integrates into the cAMP signaling pathway and the MAPK/ERK pathway. In the cAMP signaling pathway ATF1 responds to hormonal signals that activate adenylate cyclase resulting in increased levels of cAMP and subsequent activation of Protein Kinase A (PKA). PKA phosphorylates ATF1 increasing its transcriptional activity. In the MAPK/ERK pathway ATF1 links to the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases which modulate gene expression related to cell growth and survival. This interaction also involves other proteins such as CREB and ATF2 highlighting a network of transcription factors that co-regulate gene expression.

ATF1 has implications in cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. In cancer alterations in ATF1 expression or function can lead to aberrant cell growth and survival often linked to its cooperation with CREB-related proteins. Specifically chromosomal translocations involving ATF1 have been observed in certain sarcomas like clear cell sarcoma where it forms a fusion protein that acts as a potent transcriptional activator. Concerning neurodegenerative diseases ATF1 may play a role in neuronal survival and stress response with its activity being impacted by dysregulated signaling pathways and interacting proteins such as CREB and ATF2 contributing to disease progression.