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AB204140

Recombinant Human ATR protein

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Recombinant Human ATR protein is a Human Fragment protein, in the 2245 to 2610 aa range, expressed in Baculovirus infected Sf9 cells, with >85%, suitable for SDS-PAGE.

View Alternative Names

FRP1, ATR, Serine/threonine-protein kinase ATR, Ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related protein, FRAP-related protein 1

1 Images
SDS-PAGE - Recombinant Human ATR protein (AB204140)
  • SDS-PAGE

Supplier Data

SDS-PAGE - Recombinant Human ATR protein (AB204140)

SDS-PAGE showing ab204140.

Key facts

Purity

>85% SDS-PAGE

Assessed by densitometry. Affinity purified.

Expression system

Baculovirus infected Sf9 cells

Tags

GST tag N-Terminus

Applications

SDS-PAGE

applications

Biologically active

No

Accession

Q13535

Animal free

No

Carrier free

No

Species

Human

Storage buffer

pH: 7.5 Constituents: 25% Glycerol (glycerin, glycerine), 0.87% Sodium chloride, 0.79% Tris HCl, 0.31% Glutathione, 0.004% (R*,R*)-1,4-Dimercaptobutan-2,3-diol, 0.003% EDTA, 0.002% PMSF

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Complementary Products

Reagents, Controls & Accessories

AB234592

Prestained Protein Ladder - Extra broad molecular weight (6.5 - 270 kDa)

SDS-PAGE - Prestained Protein Ladder - Extra broad molecular weight (6.5 - 270 kDa) (AB234592)

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Proteins & Peptides

AB276533

Recombinant Human TEM8/ATR protein (Fc Chimera)

SDS-PAGE - Recombinant Human TEM8/ATR protein (Fc Chimera) (AB276533)

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Primary Antibodies

AB178407

Anti-ATR (phospho S428) antibody [EPR2184]

BOND RX™ Validated|RabMAb|Recombinant|20ul selling size

Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - Anti-ATR (phospho S428) antibody [EPR2184] (AB178407)

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Proteins & Peptides

AB152218

Recombinant Human ATRX protein (GST tag N-Terminus)

SDS-PAGE - Recombinant Human ATRX protein (GST tag N-Terminus) (AB152218)

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Assay Kits

AB279742

Phospho-ATR (T1989) and Total ATR ELISA Kit

Sandwich ELISA - Phospho-ATR (T1989) and Total ATR ELISA Kit (AB279742)

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Reactivity data

{ "title": "Reactivity Data", "filters": { "stats": ["", "Reactivity", "Dilution Info", "Notes"] }, "values": { "SDS-PAGE": { "reactivity":"TESTED_AND_REACTS", "dilution-info":"", "notes":"<p></p>" } } }
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Sequence info

[{"linker":null,"sequence":"MLKKLVEEATFSEILIPLQSVMIPTLPSILGTHANHASHEPFPGHWAYIAGFDDMVEILASLQKPKKISLKGSDGKFYIMMCKPKDDLRKDCRLMEFNSLINKCLRKDAESRRRELHIRTYAVIPLNDECGIIEWVNNTAGLRPILTKLYKEKGVYMTGKELRQCMLPKSAALSEKLKVFREFLLPRHPPIFHEWFLRTFPDPTSWYSSRSAYCRSTAVMSMVGYILGLGDRHGENILFDSLTGECVHVDFNCLFNKGETFEVPEIVPFRLTHNMVNGMGPMGTEGLFRRACEVTMRLMRDQREPLMSVLKTFLHDPLVEWSKPVKGHSKAPLNETGEVVNEKAKTHVLDIEQRLQGVIKTRNRVT","proteinLength":"Fragment","predictedMolecularWeight":"70 kDa","actualMolecularWeight":null,"aminoAcidEnd":2610,"aminoAcidStart":2245,"nature":"Recombinant","expressionSystem":"Baculovirus infected Sf9 cells","accessionNumber":"Q13535","tags":[{"tag":"GST","terminus":"N-Terminus"}]}]
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Properties and storage information

Form
Liquid
Purification technique
Affinity purification
Shipped at conditions
Dry Ice
Appropriate short-term storage conditions
-80°C
Appropriate long-term storage conditions
-80°C
Aliquoting information
Upon delivery aliquot
Storage information
Avoid freeze / thaw cycle
False
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Supplementary information

This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.

ATR also known as Ataxia Telangiectasia and Rad3-related protein is a serine/threonine kinase with a molecular weight of approximately 301 kDa. This protein localizes mainly in the nucleus where it functions as an important component in the cellular response to DNA damage and replication stress. ATR detects DNA strand breaks and ssDNA coated with RPA and becomes activated to phosphorylate several downstream targets initiating the DNA damage response. High expression of ATR occurs in proliferative tissues emphasizing its role in cell cycle regulation.
Biological function summary

ATR plays an essential role in maintaining genomic stability. It is part of a larger protein complex that includes ATRIP (ATR-interacting protein) which helps in localizing ATR to sites of DNA damage. Once activated ATR phosphorylates various substrates including CHK1 a critical checkpoint kinase involved in cell cycle arrest during DNA repair processes. The ability of ATR to coordinate with these proteins helps cells manage DNA damage effectively and prevent genomic instability.

Pathways

ATR functions centrally in the DNA damage response and repair mechanisms particularly the ATR-Chk1 pathway. This pathway interacts closely with the ATM (Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated) pathway which also responds to DNA damage but usually to double-strand breaks. ATR primarily acts in response to replication stress and its activation leads to the arrest of the cell cycle allowing DNA repair to occur. This cooperation between ATR and ATM highlights their complementary roles in safeguarding genomic integrity under stress.

ATR mutations and dysregulation have strong associations with cancer and Seckel syndrome. In the context of cancer ATR often works in concert with ATM to manage DNA repair and cancer cells frequently overexpress ATR to cope with high levels of replication stress. This makes ATR a potential target for cancer therapy where its inhibition could sensitize tumor cells to chemotherapy. In Seckel syndrome ATR mutations result in developmental anomalies showcasing the important role ATR plays in cellular replication and repair processes.
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General info

Function

Serine/threonine protein kinase which activates checkpoint signaling upon genotoxic stresses such as ionizing radiation (IR), ultraviolet light (UV), or DNA replication stalling, thereby acting as a DNA damage sensor (PubMed : 10597277, PubMed : 10608806, PubMed : 10859164, PubMed : 11721054, PubMed : 12791985, PubMed : 12814551, PubMed : 14657349, PubMed : 14729973, PubMed : 14742437, PubMed : 15210935, PubMed : 15496423, PubMed : 16260606, PubMed : 21144835, PubMed : 21777809, PubMed : 23273981, PubMed : 25083873, PubMed : 27723717, PubMed : 27723720, PubMed : 30139873, PubMed : 33848395, PubMed : 37788673, PubMed : 37832547, PubMed : 9427750, PubMed : 9636169). Recognizes the substrate consensus sequence [ST]-Q (PubMed : 10597277, PubMed : 10608806, PubMed : 10859164, PubMed : 11721054, PubMed : 12791985, PubMed : 12814551, PubMed : 14657349, PubMed : 14729973, PubMed : 14742437, PubMed : 15210935, PubMed : 15496423, PubMed : 16260606, PubMed : 21144835, PubMed : 23273981, PubMed : 27723717, PubMed : 27723720, PubMed : 33848395, PubMed : 9427750, PubMed : 9636169). Phosphorylates BRCA1, CHEK1, MCM2, RAD17, RBBP8, RPA2, SMC1 and p53/TP53, which collectively inhibit DNA replication and mitosis and promote DNA repair, recombination and apoptosis (PubMed : 11114888, PubMed : 11418864, PubMed : 11865061, PubMed : 21777809, PubMed : 23273981, PubMed : 25083873, PubMed : 9925639). Phosphorylates 'Ser-139' of histone variant H2AX at sites of DNA damage, thereby regulating DNA damage response mechanism (PubMed : 11673449). Required for FANCD2 ubiquitination (PubMed : 15314022). Critical for maintenance of fragile site stability and efficient regulation of centrosome duplication (PubMed : 12526805). Acts as a regulator of the S-G2 transition by restricting the activity of CDK1 during S-phase to prevent premature entry into G2 (PubMed : 30139873). Acts as a regulator of the nuclear envelope integrity in response to DNA damage and stress (PubMed : 25083873, PubMed : 37788673, PubMed : 37832547). Acts as a mechanical stress sensor at the nuclear envelope : relocalizes to the nuclear envelope in response to mechanical stress and mediates a checkpoint via phosphorylation of CHEK1 (PubMed : 25083873). Also promotes nuclear envelope rupture in response to DNA damage by mediating phosphorylation of LMNA at 'Ser-282', leading to lamin disassembly (PubMed : 37832547). Involved in the inflammatory response to genome instability and double-stranded DNA breaks : acts by localizing to micronuclei arising from genome instability and catalyzing phosphorylation of LMNA at 'Ser-395', priming LMNA for subsequent phosphorylation by CDK1 and micronuclei envelope rupture (PubMed : 37788673). The rupture of micronuclear envelope triggers the cGAS-STING pathway thereby activating the type I interferon response and innate immunity (PubMed : 37788673). Positively regulates the restart of stalled replication forks following activation by the KHDC3L-OOEP scaffold complex (By similarity).

Sequence similarities

Belongs to the PI3/PI4-kinase family. ATM subfamily.

Post-translational modifications

Phosphorylated (PubMed:21144835). Autophosphorylation at Thr-1989 in response to DNA damage promotes interaction with TOPBP1 and activation of ATR (PubMed:21705319, PubMed:21777809).

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Product protocols

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Target data

Serine/threonine protein kinase which activates checkpoint signaling upon genotoxic stresses such as ionizing radiation (IR), ultraviolet light (UV), or DNA replication stalling, thereby acting as a DNA damage sensor (PubMed : 10597277, PubMed : 10608806, PubMed : 10859164, PubMed : 11721054, PubMed : 12791985, PubMed : 12814551, PubMed : 14657349, PubMed : 14729973, PubMed : 14742437, PubMed : 15210935, PubMed : 15496423, PubMed : 16260606, PubMed : 21144835, PubMed : 21777809, PubMed : 23273981, PubMed : 25083873, PubMed : 27723717, PubMed : 27723720, PubMed : 30139873, PubMed : 33848395, PubMed : 37788673, PubMed : 37832547, PubMed : 9427750, PubMed : 9636169). Recognizes the substrate consensus sequence [ST]-Q (PubMed : 10597277, PubMed : 10608806, PubMed : 10859164, PubMed : 11721054, PubMed : 12791985, PubMed : 12814551, PubMed : 14657349, PubMed : 14729973, PubMed : 14742437, PubMed : 15210935, PubMed : 15496423, PubMed : 16260606, PubMed : 21144835, PubMed : 23273981, PubMed : 27723717, PubMed : 27723720, PubMed : 33848395, PubMed : 9427750, PubMed : 9636169). Phosphorylates BRCA1, CHEK1, MCM2, RAD17, RBBP8, RPA2, SMC1 and p53/TP53, which collectively inhibit DNA replication and mitosis and promote DNA repair, recombination and apoptosis (PubMed : 11114888, PubMed : 11418864, PubMed : 11865061, PubMed : 21777809, PubMed : 23273981, PubMed : 25083873, PubMed : 9925639). Phosphorylates 'Ser-139' of histone variant H2AX at sites of DNA damage, thereby regulating DNA damage response mechanism (PubMed : 11673449). Required for FANCD2 ubiquitination (PubMed : 15314022). Critical for maintenance of fragile site stability and efficient regulation of centrosome duplication (PubMed : 12526805). Acts as a regulator of the S-G2 transition by restricting the activity of CDK1 during S-phase to prevent premature entry into G2 (PubMed : 30139873). Acts as a regulator of the nuclear envelope integrity in response to DNA damage and stress (PubMed : 25083873, PubMed : 37788673, PubMed : 37832547). Acts as a mechanical stress sensor at the nuclear envelope : relocalizes to the nuclear envelope in response to mechanical stress and mediates a checkpoint via phosphorylation of CHEK1 (PubMed : 25083873). Also promotes nuclear envelope rupture in response to DNA damage by mediating phosphorylation of LMNA at 'Ser-282', leading to lamin disassembly (PubMed : 37832547). Involved in the inflammatory response to genome instability and double-stranded DNA breaks : acts by localizing to micronuclei arising from genome instability and catalyzing phosphorylation of LMNA at 'Ser-395', priming LMNA for subsequent phosphorylation by CDK1 and micronuclei envelope rupture (PubMed : 37788673). The rupture of micronuclear envelope triggers the cGAS-STING pathway thereby activating the type I interferon response and innate immunity (PubMed : 37788673). Positively regulates the restart of stalled replication forks following activation by the KHDC3L-OOEP scaffold complex (By similarity).
See full target information ATR
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