Recombinant Human ATRX protein is a Human Fragment protein, in the 2311 to 2410 aa range, expressed in Wheat germ and suitable for SDS-PAGE, ELISA, WB.
Images
Key facts
- Expression system
- Wheat germ
- Tags
- Tag free
- Applications
- SDS-PAGE, ELISA, WB
- Biologically active
- No
Amino acid sequence
F N L G A L S A M S N Q Q L E D L I N Q G R E K V V E A T N S V T A V R I Q P L E D I I S A V W K E N M N L S E A Q V Q A L A L S R Q A S Q E L D V K R R E A I Y N D V L T K Q Q M L I S C V Q R I L M
Reactivity data
| Application | Reactivity | Dilution info | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
Application SDS-PAGE | Reactivity Reacts | Dilution info - | Notes - |
Application ELISA | Reactivity Reacts | Dilution info - | Notes - |
Application WB | Reactivity Reacts | Dilution info - | Notes - |
Target data
Function
Involved in transcriptional regulation and chromatin remodeling. Facilitates DNA replication in multiple cellular environments and is required for efficient replication of a subset of genomic loci. Binds to DNA tandem repeat sequences in both telomeres and euchromatin and in vitro binds DNA quadruplex structures. May help stabilizing G-rich regions into regular chromatin structures by remodeling G4 DNA and incorporating H3.3-containing nucleosomes. Catalytic component of the chromatin remodeling complex ATRX:DAXX which has ATP-dependent DNA translocase activity and catalyzes the replication-independent deposition of histone H3.3 in pericentric DNA repeats outside S-phase and telomeres, and the in vitro remodeling of H3.3-containing nucleosomes. Its heterochromatin targeting is proposed to involve a combinatorial readout of histone H3 modifications (specifically methylation states of H3K9 and H3K4) and association with CBX5. Involved in maintaining telomere structural integrity in embryonic stem cells which probably implies recruitment of CBX5 to telomeres. Reports on the involvement in transcriptional regulation of telomeric repeat-containing RNA (TERRA) are conflicting; according to a report, it is not sufficient to decrease chromatin condensation at telomeres nor to increase expression of telomeric RNA in fibroblasts (PubMed:24500201). May be involved in telomere maintenance via recombination in ALT (alternative lengthening of telomeres) cell lines. Acts as a negative regulator of chromatin incorporation of transcriptionally repressive histone MACROH2A1, particularily at telomeres and the alpha-globin cluster in erythroleukemic cells. Participates in the allele-specific gene expression at the imprinted IGF2/H19 gene locus. On the maternal allele, required for the chromatin occupancy of SMC1 and CTCTF within the H19 imprinting control region (ICR) and involved in esatblishment of histone tails modifications in the ICR. May be involved in brain development and facial morphogenesis. Binds to zinc-finger coding genes with atypical chromatin signatures and regulates its H3K9me3 levels. Forms a complex with ZNF274, TRIM28 and SETDB1 to facilitate the deposition and maintenance of H3K9me3 at the 3' exons of zinc-finger genes (PubMed:27029610).
Alternative names
RAD54L, XH2, ATRX, Transcriptional regulator ATRX, ATP-dependent helicase ATRX, X-linked helicase II, X-linked nuclear protein, Znf-HX, XNP
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Recombinant Human ATRX protein is a Human Fragment protein, in the 2311 to 2410 aa range, expressed in Wheat germ and suitable for SDS-PAGE, ELISA, WB.
Key facts
- Expression system
- Wheat germ
- Tags
- Tag free
- Applications
- SDS-PAGE, ELISA, WB
- Biologically active
- No
- Accession
- P46100-1
- Animal free
- No
- Species
- Human
- Concentration
- Storage buffer
pH: 8
Constituents: 0.79% Tris HCl, 0.31% Glutathione
Sequence info
Amino acid sequence
- F N L G A L S A M S N Q Q L E D L I N Q G R E K V V E A T N S V T A V R I Q P L E D I I S A V W K E N M N L S E A Q V Q A L A L S R Q A S Q E L D V K R R E A I Y N D V L T K Q Q M L I S C V Q R I L M
- Accession
- P46100
- Protein length
- Fragment
- Predicted molecular weight
- 36.74 kDa
- Amino acids
- 2311 to 2410
- Nature
- Recombinant
Specifications
- Form
- Liquid
General info
- Function
Involved in transcriptional regulation and chromatin remodeling. Facilitates DNA replication in multiple cellular environments and is required for efficient replication of a subset of genomic loci. Binds to DNA tandem repeat sequences in both telomeres and euchromatin and in vitro binds DNA quadruplex structures. May help stabilizing G-rich regions into regular chromatin structures by remodeling G4 DNA and incorporating H3.3-containing nucleosomes. Catalytic component of the chromatin remodeling complex ATRX:DAXX which has ATP-dependent DNA translocase activity and catalyzes the replication-independent deposition of histone H3.3 in pericentric DNA repeats outside S-phase and telomeres, and the in vitro remodeling of H3.3-containing nucleosomes. Its heterochromatin targeting is proposed to involve a combinatorial readout of histone H3 modifications (specifically methylation states of H3K9 and H3K4) and association with CBX5. Involved in maintaining telomere structural integrity in embryonic stem cells which probably implies recruitment of CBX5 to telomeres. Reports on the involvement in transcriptional regulation of telomeric repeat-containing RNA (TERRA) are conflicting; according to a report, it is not sufficient to decrease chromatin condensation at telomeres nor to increase expression of telomeric RNA in fibroblasts (PubMed:24500201). May be involved in telomere maintenance via recombination in ALT (alternative lengthening of telomeres) cell lines. Acts as a negative regulator of chromatin incorporation of transcriptionally repressive histone MACROH2A1, particularily at telomeres and the alpha-globin cluster in erythroleukemic cells. Participates in the allele-specific gene expression at the imprinted IGF2/H19 gene locus. On the maternal allele, required for the chromatin occupancy of SMC1 and CTCTF within the H19 imprinting control region (ICR) and involved in esatblishment of histone tails modifications in the ICR. May be involved in brain development and facial morphogenesis. Binds to zinc-finger coding genes with atypical chromatin signatures and regulates its H3K9me3 levels. Forms a complex with ZNF274, TRIM28 and SETDB1 to facilitate the deposition and maintenance of H3K9me3 at the 3' exons of zinc-finger genes (PubMed:27029610).
- Sequence similarities
Belongs to the SNF2/RAD54 helicase family.
- Post-translational modifications
Phosphorylated at serine residues during mitose. Phosphorylation may promote the release from the nuclear matrix and progression to mitosis.
- Subcellular localisation
- Nucleus, PML body
Storage
- Shipped at conditions
- Dry Ice
- Appropriate short-term storage conditions
- -80°C
- Appropriate long-term storage conditions
- -80°C
- Aliquoting information
- Upon delivery aliquot
- Storage information
- Avoid freeze / thaw cycle
Supplementary info
- This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.
- Activity summary
The ATRX protein also recognized as alpha thalassemia/mental retardation syndrome X-linked (ATR-X) is a chromatin remodeler with a molecular weight of approximately 280 kDa. Expressed predominantly in the brain and thymus ATRX plays an important role in regulating gene expression by modulating chromatin structure. Its expression in neural tissues suggests its importance in brain development where it aids in transcriptional regulation and maintenance of genomic stability.
- Biological function summary
ATRX functions by forming part of the ATRX-DAXX complex. This complex plays a vital role in the deposition of the histone variant H3.3 into heterochromatin regions affecting the structure and function of these genomic segments. ATRX through the ATRX-DAXX complex also maintains telomere integrity by preventing uncontrolled telomere elongation. As such ATRX is important in cellular processes like DNA replication repair and mitotic progression emphasizing its role in maintaining genetic fidelity across cell divisions.
- Pathways
ATRX is an important component in chromatin remodeling and telomere maintenance pathways. It interacts closely with the DAXX protein within these pathways affecting the histone exchange mechanisms. ATRX also engages with other proteins such as p53 integrating its function into the DNA damage repair pathway. Through these pathways ATRX ensures proper chromatin dynamics and participates in mechanisms guarding genomic stability.
- Associated diseases and disorders
ATRX mutations have significant implications for conditions such as alpha thalassemia/mental retardation syndrome and certain cancers. The protein's altered functions can lead to alpha thalassemia due to improper blood cell gene expression and mental retardation from impaired brain development. In cancers mutations in ATRX often disrupt telomere maintenance contributing to oncogenesis. The relationship between ATRX and telomerase highlights the complex network through which ATRX mutations can influence telomere dynamics in cancer progression.
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1 product image
SDS-PAGE - Recombinant Human ATRX protein (ab152218)
12.5% SDS-PAGE analysis of ab152218 stained with Coomassie Blue.
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