Recombinant Human beta Catenin protein (GST tag N-Terminus)

Specifications

Form

Liquid

Additional notes

Glutathione Sepharose 4 Fast Flow

General info

Function

Key downstream component of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway (PubMed : 17524503, PubMed : 18077326, PubMed : 18086858, PubMed : 18957423, PubMed : 21262353, PubMed : 22155184, PubMed : 22647378, PubMed : 22699938). In the absence of Wnt, forms a complex with AXIN1, AXIN2, APC, CSNK1A1 and GSK3B that promotes phosphorylation on N-terminal Ser and Thr residues and ubiquitination of CTNNB1 via BTRC and its subsequent degradation by the proteasome (PubMed : 17524503, PubMed : 18077326, PubMed : 18086858, PubMed : 18957423, PubMed : 21262353, PubMed : 22155184, PubMed : 22647378, PubMed : 22699938). In the presence of Wnt ligand, CTNNB1 is not ubiquitinated and accumulates in the nucleus, where it acts as a coactivator for transcription factors of the TCF/LEF family, leading to activate Wnt responsive genes (PubMed : 17524503, PubMed : 18077326, PubMed : 18086858, PubMed : 18957423, PubMed : 21262353, PubMed : 22155184, PubMed : 22647378, PubMed : 22699938). Also acts as a coactivator for other transcription factors, such as NR5A2 (PubMed : 22187462). Promotes epithelial to mesenchymal transition/mesenchymal to epithelial transition (EMT/MET) via driving transcription of CTNNB1/TCF-target genes (PubMed : 29910125). Involved in the regulation of cell adhesion, as component of an E-cadherin : catenin adhesion complex (By similarity). Acts as a negative regulator of centrosome cohesion (PubMed : 18086858). Involved in the CDK2/PTPN6/CTNNB1/CEACAM1 pathway of insulin internalization (PubMed : 21262353). Blocks anoikis of malignant kidney and intestinal epithelial cells and promotes their anchorage-independent growth by down-regulating DAPK2 (PubMed : 18957423). Disrupts PML function and PML-NB formation by inhibiting RANBP2-mediated sumoylation of PML (PubMed : 22155184). Promotes neurogenesis by maintaining sympathetic neuroblasts within the cell cycle (By similarity). Involved in chondrocyte differentiation via interaction with SOX9 : SOX9-binding competes with the binding sites of TCF/LEF within CTNNB1, thereby inhibiting the Wnt signaling (By similarity). Acts as a positive regulator of odontoblast differentiation during mesenchymal tooth germ formation, via promoting the transcription of differentiation factors such as LEF1, BMP2 and BMP4 (By similarity). Activity is repressed in a MSX1-mediated manner at the bell stage of mesenchymal tooth germ formation which prevents premature differentiation of odontoblasts (By similarity).

Sequence similarities

Belongs to the beta-catenin family.

Post-translational modifications

Phosphorylation at Ser-552 by AMPK promotes stabilization of the protein, enhancing TCF/LEF-mediated transcription (By similarity). Phosphorylation by GSK3B requires prior phosphorylation of Ser-45 by another kinase (PubMed:10966653, PubMed:12027456, PubMed:12051714). Phosphorylation proceeds then from Thr-41 to Ser-37 and Ser-33 (PubMed:12077367, PubMed:25169422). Phosphorylated by NEK2 (PubMed:18086858). EGF stimulates tyrosine phosphorylation (PubMed:10187801). Phosphorylated on Ser-33 and Ser-37 by HIPK2 and GSK3B, this phosphorylation triggers proteasomal degradation (PubMed:20307497). Phosphorylation on Ser-191 and Ser-246 by CDK5 (PubMed:17009320). Phosphorylation by CDK2 regulates insulin internalization (PubMed:21262353). Phosphorylation by PTK6 at Tyr-64, Tyr-142, Tyr-331 and/or Tyr-333 with the predominant site at Tyr-64 is not essential for inhibition of transcriptional activity (PubMed:20026641). Phosphorylation by SRC at Tyr-333 promotes interaction with isoform M2 of PKM (PKM2); promoting transcription activation (PubMed:22056988).. Ubiquitinated by the SCF(BTRC) E3 ligase complex when phosphorylated by GSK3B, leading to its degradation (PubMed:12077367). Ubiquitinated by a E3 ubiquitin ligase complex containing UBE2D1, SIAH1, CACYBP/SIP, SKP1, APC and TBL1X, leading to its subsequent proteasomal degradation (PubMed:11389839, PubMed:11389840, PubMed:20307497). Ubiquitinated and degraded following interaction with SOX9 (By similarity). Ubiquitinated via 'Lys-11'- and 'Lys-29'-linked ubiquitin chains by UBR5, leading to its stabilization (PubMed:21118991). Ubiquitinated by the SCF-FBXO16 E3 ubiquitin ligase, leading to proteasomal degradation (PubMed:30714168).. S-nitrosylation at Cys-619 within adherens junctions promotes VEGF-induced, NO-dependent endothelial cell permeability by disrupting interaction with E-cadherin, thus mediating disassembly adherens junctions.. O-glycosylation at Ser-23 decreases nuclear localization and transcriptional activity, and increases localization to the plasma membrane and interaction with E-cadherin CDH1.. Deacetylated at Lys-49 by SIRT1.. Phosphorylated at Thr-556 by herpes virus 1/HHV-1 leading to CTNNB1 inhibition.

Subcellular localisation

Nucleus