Recombinant Human BTN1A1 protein

Supplementary information

This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.

BTN1A1 also known as Butyrophilin Subfamily 1 Member A1 is a type I transmembrane protein with a molecular mass of approximately 57 kDa. It is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily and expressed in various tissues with notably high expression in the mammary gland during lactation. BTN1A1 plays a significant role in milk fat globule secretion by forming complexes on the apical surface of mammary epithelial cells. The protein consists of an extracellular region a transmembrane domain and a cytoplasmic tail.

Biological function summary

As a component of the milk fat globule membrane BTN1A1 participates in lipids metabolic processes and immunological interactions. It does not function as part of a large protein complex yet its interactions on the cell surface are essential for the stability and transport of fat globules. The presence of BTN1A1 impacts immune cell regulation due to its predicted involvement with T cells an important component of the adaptive immune system.

Pathways

BTN1A1 contributes to both lactation and immune regulation processes. It is particularly involved in the fatty acid metabolism pathway impacting lipid biosynthesis and transport. Within immune regulation pathways BTN1A1 might interact with related proteins such as BTN2A1 also in the butyrophilin family which modulates T cell activity. These pathway involvements reflect BTN1A1's dual role in lipid homeostasis and immune surveillance.

BTN1A1 has a potential link to breast cancer and certain autoimmune diseases. Given its expression in the mammary gland altered levels of BTN1A1 might associate with breast tumor development. Additionally its role in immune regulation suggests a connection to autoimmune disorders where improperly modulated T cell responses occur. Further research is necessary to completely understand the protein's involvement in these diseases and any interaction with proteins like BTN2A1 in pathological contexts.