Recombinant human Caspase-8 protein (His tag C-Terminus)

Specifications

Form

Liquid

General info

Function

Thiol protease that plays a key role in programmed cell death by acting as a molecular switch for apoptosis, necroptosis and pyroptosis, and is required to prevent tissue damage during embryonic development and adulthood (PubMed : 23516580, PubMed : 35338844, PubMed : 35446120, PubMed : 8681376, PubMed : 8681377, PubMed : 8962078, PubMed : 9006941, PubMed : 9184224). Initiator protease that induces extrinsic apoptosis by mediating cleavage and activation of effector caspases responsible for FAS/CD95-mediated and TNFRSF1A-induced cell death (PubMed : 23516580, PubMed : 35338844, PubMed : 35446120, PubMed : 8681376, PubMed : 8681377, PubMed : 8962078, PubMed : 9006941, PubMed : 9184224). Cleaves and activates effector caspases CASP3, CASP4, CASP6, CASP7, CASP9 and CASP10 (PubMed : 16916640, PubMed : 8962078, PubMed : 9006941). Binding to the adapter molecule FADD recruits it to either receptor FAS/TNFRSF6 or TNFRSF1A (PubMed : 8681376, PubMed : 8681377). The resulting aggregate called the death-inducing signaling complex (DISC) performs CASP8 proteolytic activation (PubMed : 9184224). The active dimeric enzyme is then liberated from the DISC and free to activate downstream apoptotic proteases (PubMed : 9184224). Proteolytic fragments of the N-terminal propeptide (termed CAP3, CAP5 and CAP6) are likely retained in the DISC (PubMed : 9184224). Also cleaves and activates BID, thereby promoting cytochrome C release from mitochrondria (By similarity). In addition to extrinsic apoptosis, also acts as a negative regulator of necroptosis : acts by cleaving RIPK1 at 'Asp-324', which is crucial to inhibit RIPK1 kinase activity, limiting TNF-induced apoptosis, necroptosis and inflammatory response (PubMed : 31827280, PubMed : 31827281). Also able to initiate pyroptosis by mediating cleavage and activation of gasdermin-C and -D (GSDMC and GSDMD, respectively) : gasdermin cleavage promotes release of the N-terminal moiety that binds to membranes and forms pores, triggering pyroptosis (PubMed : 32929201, PubMed : 34012073). Initiates pyroptosis following inactivation of MAP3K7/TAK1 (By similarity). Also acts as a regulator of innate immunity by mediating cleavage and inactivation of N4BP1 downstream of TLR3 or TLR4, thereby promoting cytokine production (By similarity). May participate in the Granzyme B (GZMB) cell death pathways (PubMed : 8755496). Cleaves PARP1 and PARP2 (PubMed : 8681376). Independent of its protease activity, promotes cell migration following phosphorylation at Tyr-380 (PubMed : 18216014, PubMed : 27109099).. Isoform 5. Lacks the catalytic site and may interfere with the pro-apoptotic activity of the complex.. Isoform 6. Lacks the catalytic site and may interfere with the pro-apoptotic activity of the complex.. Isoform 7. Lacks the catalytic site and may interfere with the pro-apoptotic activity of the complex (Probable). Acts as an inhibitor of the caspase cascade (PubMed : 12010809).. Isoform 8. Lacks the catalytic site and may interfere with the pro-apoptotic activity of the complex.

Sequence similarities

Belongs to the peptidase C14A family.

Post-translational modifications

Generation of the p10 and p18 subunits requires association with the death-inducing signaling complex (DISC), whereas additional processing is likely due to the autocatalytic activity of the activated protease. GZMB and CASP10 can be involved in these processing events.. Phosphorylation on Ser-387 during mitosis by CDK1 inhibits activation by proteolysis and prevents apoptosis (PubMed:20937773). Phosphorylation on Tyr-380 by SRC is mediated by interaction with the SRC SH2 domain and does not affect dimerization or recruitment to the death-inducing signaling complex (DISC) but negatively regulates DISC-mediated processing and activation of CASP8, down-regulating its proapoptotic function (PubMed:16619028, PubMed:27109099). Phosphorylation on Tyr-380 also enhances localization to lamellipodia in migrating cells (PubMed:18216014).. (Microbial infection) ADP-riboxanation by C.violaceum CopC blocks CASP8 processing, preventing CASP8 activation and ability to mediate extrinsic apoptosis.. (Microbial infection) Proteolytically cleaved by the cowpox virus CRMA death inhibitory protein.

Subcellular localisation

Nucleus