AB273068

Recombinant human coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein S1 (Active)

Name: Recombinant human coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein S1 (Active) (ab273068) | Abcam
Brand: Abcam Limited
SKU: AB273068
Price: 610 USD
Availability: InStock

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(20 Publications)

Recombinant human coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein S1 (Active) is a SARS-CoV-2 Fragment protein, in the 16 to 685 aa range, expressed in CHO, with >90% purity and suitable for SDS-PAGE, Functional studies and indirect ELISA.The observed molecular weight of ab273068 protein is 125 kDa.

- Save time and ensure accurate results - use our recombinant human coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein S1 protein as a control
- Optimal protein bioactivity and stability
- Cited in over 15 publications

View Alternative Names

2, S, Spike glycoprotein, S glycoprotein, E2, Peplomer protein

12 Images

Indirect ELISA - Recombinant human coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein S1 (Active) (AB273068)

I-ELISA

Lab

Indirect ELISA - Recombinant human coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein S1 (Active) (AB273068)

Indirect ELISA showing primary antibody ab273074 (CR3022, rabbit chimeric) binding to the antigen ab273068 (recombinant human coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein S1 (Active)). Plates were coated with 100ng/well ab272105 or ab273068 and binding of ab273073 assessed in serial dilution from 200ng/ml primary antibody in duplicate. Binding was detected using ab97080, an anti-rabbit H&L secondary conjugated to HRP. Data are represented as the mean and error bars represent standard deviation.

I-ELISA

Lab

Indirect ELISA - Recombinant human coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein S1 (Active) (AB273068)

Indirect ELISA showing primary antibody ab273073 (CR3022, human chimeric) binding to the antigens ab272105 (recombinant human coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein S1 (sheep Fc fusion)) and ab273068 (recombinant human coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein S1 (Active)). Plates were coated with 100ng/well ab272105 or ab273068 and binding of ab273073 assessed in serial dilution from 200ng/ml primary antibody in duplicate. Binding was detected using ab98624, an anti-human Fc secondary conjugated to HRP. Data are represented as the mean and error bars represent standard deviation.

Functional Studies - Recombinant human coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein S1 (Active) (AB273068)

FuncS

Supplier Data

Functional Studies - Recombinant human coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein S1 (Active) (AB273068)

Flow cytometry assay showing ab273068 can bind to ACE2 overexpressing cells. ACE2 overexpressing cells were stained with ab273068, followed by an anti-spike protein antibody, and a fluorescence-conjugated secondary antibody.

Lab

Western blot - Recombinant human coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein S1 (Active) (AB273068)

This data was developed using ab283942, the same antibody clone in a different buffer formulation. **Secondaries** **Lane 1 : **Red - loading control Mouse anti-6x His tag antibody (ab18184) observed at 135 kDa **Lanes 2 : **Green - ab283942 observed at 135 kDa ab283942 was shown to bind specifically to SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein S1 in Western blot. Samples were run on an SDS-PAGE gel then transferred onto a nitrocellulose membrane. Membranes were blocked in 3 % milk in TBS-0.1 % Tween® 20 (TBS-T) before incubation with primary antibodies overnight at 4 °C. Blots were washed four times in TBS-T, incubated with secondary antibodies for 1 h at room temperature, washed again four times then imaged. Secondary antibodies used were Goat anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (IRDye® 800CW) preadsorbed (ab216773) and Goat anti-Mouse IgG H&L (IRDye® 680RD) preadsorbed (ab216776) at 1/20000 dilution. **Blocking buffer : **3% milk in TBS-0.1% Tween® 20 (TBS-T)

All lanes:

Western blot - Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein S1 antibody [EPR24852-116] - BSA and Azide free (<a href='/en-us/products/primary-antibodies/sars-cov-2-spike-glycoprotein-s1-antibody-epr24852-116-bsa-and-azide-free-ab283943'>ab283943</a>) at 1/1000 dilution

All lanes:

Western blot - Recombinant human coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein S1 (Active) (ab273068) at 0.2 µg

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Supplier Data

Western blot - Recombinant human coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein S1 (Active) (AB273068)

Lanes 1 - 5 : Green – ab282749 at 1 in 500 dilution, observed from 120 – 180 kDa
Lanes 6 - 8 : Red – Rabbit polyclonal to 6X His tag^® (ab9108) at 1 in 1000 dilution, observed from 120 – 160 kDa

Lanes 9 & 10 : Black – Goat polyclonal to DDDDK tag (Binds to FLAG^® tag sequence) at 1 μg/mL, observed at 180 kDa

ab282749 was shown to bind specifically to SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoproteins in Western blot. Samples were run on an SDS-PAGE gel then transferred onto a nitrocellulose membrane. Membranes were blocked in 3 % milk in TBS-0.1 % Tween^® 20 (TBS-T) before incubation with primary antibodies overnight at 4°C. Blots were washed four times in TBS-T, incubated with secondary antibodies for 1 h at room temperature, washed again four times then imaged.

Blocking buffer : 3% milk in TBS-0.1% Tween^® 20 (TBS-T).

Lanes 1 - 5:

Western blot - Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein S1 antibody [8B12-C2] - BSA and Azide free (<a href='/en-us/products/primary-antibodies/sars-cov-2-spike-glycoprotein-s1-antibody-8b12-c2-bsa-and-azide-free-ab282749'>ab282749</a>) at 1/500 dilution

Lanes 6 - 8:

Western blot - Anti-6X His tag® antibody (<a href='/en-us/products/primary-antibodies/6x-his-tag-antibody-ab9108'>ab9108</a>) at 1/1000 dilution

Lanes 9 - 10:

Goat polyclonal to DDDDK tag at 1 µg/mL

Lanes 1 and 6:

Western blot - Recombinant human coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein S1 (Active) (ab273068) at 0.5 µg

Lanes 2 and 7:

SARS-CoV-2 (2019-nCoV) Spike S1+S2 ECD-His Recombinant Protein at 0.2 µg

Lanes 3 and 8:

SARS-CoV Spike S1+S2 ECD-His Recombinant Protein at 0.2 µg

Lanes 4 and 9:

SARS-CoV-2 3xFlag Spike Protein Transfected Expi whole cell lysate at 20 µg

Lanes 5 and 10:

SARS-CoV 3xFlag Spike Protein Transfected Expi whole cell lysate at 20 µg

Secondary

Lanes 1 - 5:

Western blot - Donkey anti-Mouse IgG H&L (IRDye® 680RD) preadsorbed (<a href='/en-us/products/secondary-antibodies/donkey-mouse-igg-h-l-irdye-680rd-preadsorbed-ab216778'>ab216778</a>) at 1/20000 dilution

Lanes 6 - 8:

Western blot - Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (IRDye® 680RD) preadsorbed (<a href='/en-us/products/secondary-antibodies/goat-rabbit-igg-h-l-irdye-680rd-preadsorbed-ab216777'>ab216777</a>) at 1/20000 dilution

Lanes 9 - 10:

Western blot - Donkey anti-Goat IgG H&L (IRDye® 800CW) preadsorbed (<a href='/en-us/products/secondary-antibodies/donkey-goat-igg-h-l-irdye-800cw-preadsorbed-ab216775'>ab216775</a>) at 1/20000 dilution

Observed band size: 120-180 kDa,120-160 kDa,180 kDa

false

Lab

Western blot - Recombinant human coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein S1 (Active) (AB273068)

Lane 1 : Recombinant human coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein S1 (Active, His tagged) (ab273068) at 0.2 ug

Lane 2 : Recombinant SARS-COV-2 NSP2 protein (His tagged) at 0.2 ug

False colour image of Western blot : Rabbit monoclonal [EPR24852-116] to SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein S1 Chicken IgY (Chimeric) (ab323001) staining at 1/500 dilution, shown in black; Mouse Monoclonal 6X His tag® (ab18184) loading control staining at 1/1000 dilution, shown in red. In Western blot, ab323001 was shown to bind specifically to SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein S1. Samples were run on an SDS-PAGE gel then transferred onto a nitrocellulose membrane. Membranes were blocked in 3 % milk in TBS-0.1 % Tween® 20 (TBS-T) before incubation with primary antibodies overnight at 4 °C. Blots were washed four times in TBS-T, incubated with secondary antibodies for 1 h at room temperature, washed again four times then imaged. Secondary antibodies used were Goat Anti-Chicken IgY H&L (HRP) preadsorbed (ab7118) at 1 : 10000 and Goat anti-Mouse IgG H&L 680RD at 1 : 20000.

All lanes:

Western blot - Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein S1 antibody [EPR24852-116] - Chicken IgY (Chimeric) (<a href='/en-us/products/primary-antibodies/sars-cov-2-spike-glycoprotein-s1-antibody-epr24852-116-chicken-igy-chimeric-ab323001'>ab323001</a>) at 1/500 dilution

Lane 1:

Western blot - Recombinant human coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein S1 (Active) (ab273068) at 0.2 µg

Lane 2:

Recombinant SARS-COV-2 NSP2 protein (His tagged) at 0.2 µg

Secondary

Lanes 1 - 2:

Western blot - Goat Anti-Chicken IgY H&L (HRP) preadsorbed (<a href='/en-us/products/secondary-antibodies/goat-chicken-igy-h-l-hrp-preadsorbed-ab7118'>ab7118</a>) at 1/10000 dilution

Lanes 1 - 2:

Goat anti-Mouse IgG H&L 680RD at 1/20000 dilution

Observed band size: 135 kDa

false

Exposure time: 4min

Lab

Western blot - Recombinant human coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein S1 (Active) (AB273068)

Lane 1 : Recombinant human coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein S1 (Active, His tagged) (ab273068) at 0.2 ug

Lane 2 : SARS-CoV Spike S1+S2 ECD-His Recombinant Protein at 0.2 ug

Performed under reducing conditions.

Observed band size : 120-160 kDa.

False colour image of Western blot : Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein S1 antibody [8B12-C2] - Chicken IgY (Chimeric) (ab322999) staining at 1/500 dilution, shown in black; Mouse Monoclonal 6X His tag® (ab18184) loading control staining at 1/1000 dilution, shown in red. In Western blot, ab322999 was shown to bind specifically to SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoproteins. Samples were run on an SDS-PAGE gel then transferred onto a nitrocellulose membrane. Membranes were blocked in 3 % milk in TBS-0.1 % Tween® 20 (TBS-T) before incubation with primary antibodies overnight at 4 °C. Blots were washed four times in TBS-T, incubated with secondary antibodies for 1 h at room temperature, washed again four times then imaged. Secondary antibodies used were Goat Anti-Chicken IgY H&L (HRP) preadsorbed (ab7118) at 1 : 10000 and Goat anti-Mouse IgG H&L 680RD at 1 : 20000.

Blocking buffer : 3% milk in TBS-0.1% Tween® 20 (TBS-T).

Exposure time : 2 min.

All lanes:

Western blot - Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein S1 antibody [8B12-C2] - Chicken IgY (Chimeric) (<a href='/en-us/products/primary-antibodies/sars-cov-2-spike-glycoprotein-s1-antibody-8b12-c2-chicken-igy-chimeric-ab322999'>ab322999</a>) at 1/500 dilution

Lane 1:

Western blot - Recombinant human coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein S1 (Active) (ab273068) at 0.2 µg

Lane 2:

SARS-CoV Spike S1+S2 ECD-His Recombinant Protein at 0.2 µg

Secondary

Lanes 1 - 2:

Western blot - Goat Anti-Chicken IgY H&L (HRP) preadsorbed (<a href='/en-us/products/secondary-antibodies/goat-chicken-igy-h-l-hrp-preadsorbed-ab7118'>ab7118</a>) at 1/10000 dilution

Lanes 1 - 2:

Goat anti-Mouse IgG H&L 680RD at 1/20000 dilution

Observed band size: 120-160 kDa

false

Exposure time: 2min

Lab

Western blot - Recombinant human coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein S1 (Active) (AB273068)

Lane 1 : Recombinant human coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein S1 (Active, His tagged) (ab273068) at 0.2 ug

Lane 2 : Recombinant SARS-COV-2 NSP2 protein (His tagged) at 0.2 ug

Performed under reducing conditions.

Observed band size : 135 kDa.

False colour image of Western blot : Rabbit monoclonal [EPR24852-116] to SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein S1 - Human IgG1 (Chimeric), ab323000 staining at 1/500 dilution, shown in black; Mouse Monoclonal 6X His tag® (ab18184) loading control staining at 1/1000 dilution, shown in red. In Western blot, ab323000 was shown to bind specifically to SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein S1. Samples were run on an SDS-PAGE gel then transferred onto a nitrocellulose membrane. Membranes were blocked in 3 % milk in TBS-0.1 % Tween® 20 (TBS-T) before incubation with primary antibodies overnight at 4 °C. Blots were washed four times in TBS-T, incubated with secondary antibodies for 1 h at room temperature, washed again four times then imaged. Secondary antibodies used were Goat Anti-Human IgG Fc (HRP) preadsorbed (ab98624) at 1 : 10000 and Goat anti-Mouse IgG H&L 680RD at 1 : 20000.

Blocking buffer : 3% milk in TBS-0.1% Tween® 20 (TBS-T).

Exposure time : 30 Sec.

All lanes:

Western blot - Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein S1 antibody [EPR24852-116] - Human IgG1 (Chimeric) (<a href='/en-us/products/primary-antibodies/sars-cov-2-spike-glycoprotein-s1-antibody-epr24852-116-human-igg1-chimeric-ab323000'>ab323000</a>) at 1/500 dilution

Lane 1:

Western blot - Recombinant human coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein S1 (Active) (ab273068) at 0.2 µg

Lane 2:

Recombinant SARS-COV-2 NSP2 protein (His tagged) at 0.2 µg

Secondary

Lanes 1 - 2:

Western blot - Goat Anti-Human IgG Fc (HRP) preadsorbed (<a href='/en-us/products/secondary-antibodies/goat-human-igg-fc-hrp-preadsorbed-ab98624'>ab98624</a>) at 1/10000 dilution

Lanes 1 - 2:

Goat anti-Mouse IgG H&L 680RD at 1/20000 dilution

Observed band size: 135 kDa

false

Exposure time: 30s

Lab

Western blot - Recombinant human coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein S1 (Active) (AB273068)

False colour image of Western blot : Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein S1 antibody [8B12-C2] - Human IgG1 (Chimeric) (ab322272) staining at 1/500 dilution, shown in black; Mouse Monoclonal 6X His tag® (ab18184) loading control staining at 1/200 dilution, shown in red. In Western blot, ab322272 was shown to bind specifically to SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoproteins. Samples were run on an SDS-PAGE gel then transferred onto a nitrocellulose membrane. Membranes were blocked in 3 % milk in TBS-0.1 % Tween® 20 (TBS-T) before incubation with primary antibodies overnight at 4 °C. Blots were washed four times in TBS-T, incubated with secondary antibodies for 1 h at room temperature, washed again four times then imaged. Secondary antibodies used were Goat Anti-Human IgG Fc (HRP) preadsorbed (ab98624) at 1 : 10000 and Goat anti-Mouse IgG H&L 680RD at 1 : 20000.

All lanes:

Western blot - Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein S1 [8B12-C2] – Human IgG1 (Chimeric) (<a href='/en-us/products/primary-antibodies/sars-cov-2-spike-glycoprotein-s1-8b12-c2-human-igg1-chimeric-ab322272'>ab322272</a>) at 1/500 dilution

Lane 1:

Western blot - Recombinant human coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein S1 (Active) (ab273068) at 0.2 µg

Lane 2:

SARS-CoV-2 (2019-nCoV) Spike S1+S2 ECD-His Recombinant Protein at 0.2 µg

Lane 3:

SARS-CoV Spike S1+S2 ECD-His Recombinant Protein at 0.2 µg

Secondary

Lanes 1 - 3:

Western blot - Goat Anti-Human IgG Fc (HRP) preadsorbed (<a href='/en-us/products/secondary-antibodies/goat-human-igg-fc-hrp-preadsorbed-ab98624'>ab98624</a>) at 1/10000 dilution

Lanes 1 - 3:

Goat anti-Mouse IgG H&L 680RD at 1/20000 dilution

Observed band size: 120-160 kDa

false

Exposure time: 5s

Lab

Western blot - Recombinant human coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein S1 (Active) (AB273068)

**Lane 1 : **Red - loading control Mouse anti-6x His tag antibody (ab18184) observed at 125 kDa **Lanes 2 : **Green - ab283946 observed at 125 kDa ab283946 was shown to bind specifically to SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein S1 in Western blot. Samples were run on an SDS-PAGE gel then transferred onto a nitrocellulose membrane. Membranes were blocked in 3 % milk in TBS-0.1 % Tween® 20 (TBS-T) before incubation with primary antibodies overnight at 4 °C. Blots were washed four times in TBS-T, incubated with secondary antibodies for 1 h at room temperature, washed again four times then imaged. Secondary antibodies used were Goat anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (IRDye® 800CW) preadsorbed (ab216773) and Goat anti-Mouse IgG H&L (IRDye® 680RD) preadsorbed (ab216776) at 1/20000 dilution. **Blocking buffer : **3% milk in TBS-0.1% Tween® 20 (TBS-T)

All lanes:

Western blot - Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein S1 (RBD) antibody [EPR24852-174] (<a href='/en-us/products/primary-antibodies/sars-cov-2-spike-glycoprotein-s1-rbd-antibody-epr24852-174-ab283946'>ab283946</a>) at 1/500 dilution

All lanes:

Western blot - Recombinant human coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein S1 (Active) (ab273068) at 0.5 µg

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Supplier Data

Western blot - Recombinant human coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein S1 (Active) (AB273068)

**Lane 1 : **Red - loading control Mouse anti-6x His tag antibody (ab18184) observed at 135 kDa **Lanes 2 : **Green - ab283942 observed at 135 kDa ab283942 was shown to bind specifically to SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein S1 in Western blot. Samples were run on an SDS-PAGE gel then transferred onto a nitrocellulose membrane. Membranes were blocked in 3 % milk in TBS-0.1 % Tween® 20 (TBS-T) before incubation with primary antibodies overnight at 4 °C. Blots were washed four times in TBS-T, incubated with secondary antibodies for 1 h at room temperature, washed again four times then imaged. Secondary antibodies used were Goat anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (IRDye® 800CW) preadsorbed (ab216773) and Goat anti-Mouse IgG H&L (IRDye® 680RD) preadsorbed (ab216776) at 1/20000 dilution. **Blocking buffer : **3% milk in TBS-0.1% Tween® 20 (TBS-T)

All lanes:

Western blot - Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein S1 antibody [EPR24852-116] (<a href='/en-us/products/primary-antibodies/sars-cov-2-spike-glycoprotein-s1-antibody-epr24852-116-ab283942'>ab283942</a>) at 1/1000 dilution

All lanes:

Western blot - Recombinant human coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein S1 (Active) (ab273068) at 0.2 µg

Observed band size: 135 kDa

false

SDS-PAGE - Recombinant human coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein S1 (Active) (AB273068)

SDS-PAGE

Supplier Data

SDS-PAGE - Recombinant human coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein S1 (Active) (AB273068)

SDS-PAGE analysis of ab273068.

Key facts

Purity

>90% SDS-PAGE

Expression system

CHO cells

Applications

I-ELISA, FuncS, SDS-PAGE

applications

Biologically active

Yes

Biological activity

Accession

P0DTC2

Animal free

Carrier free

Species

SARS-CoV-2

Storage buffer

pH: 7.5 Preservative: 1.02% Imidazole Constituents: 1.74% Sodium chloride, 0.82% Sodium phosphate

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Reactivity data

{ "title": "Reactivity Data", "filters": { "stats": ["", "Reactivity", "Dilution Info", "Notes"] }, "values": { "SDS-PAGE": { "reactivity":"TESTED_AND_REACTS", "dilution-info":"", "notes":"" }, "FuncS": { "reactivity":"TESTED_AND_REACTS", "dilution-info":"", "notes":"" }, "I-ELISA": { "reactivity":"TESTED_AND_REACTS", "dilution-info":"", "notes":"" } } }

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Product details

Ensure the validity of your result using our bioactive recombinant human coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein S1 ab273068 as control in SDS-PAGE.

Analyze your human SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein S1 alpha ELISA data using the ab273068 protein to generate and plot a standard curve.

Check out our protein gel staining guide for SDS-PAGE here

Check out our ELISA protocol for more information here.

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Sequence info

[{"sequence":"VNLTTRTQLPPAYTNSFTRGVYYPDKVFRSSVLHSTQDLFLPFFSNVTWFHAIHVSGTNGTKRFDNPVLPFNDGVYFASTEKSNIIRGWIFGTTLDSKTQSLLIVNNATNVVIKVCEFQFCNDPFLGVYYHKNNKSWMESEFRVYSSANNCTFEYVSQPFLMDLEGKQGNFKNLREFVFKNIDGYFKIYSKHTPINLVRDLPQGFSALEPLVDLPIGINITRFQTLLALHRSYLTPGDSSSGWTAGAAAYYVGYLQPRTFLLKYNENGTITDAVDCALDPLSETKCTLKSFTVEKGIYQTSNFRVQPTESIVRFPNITNLCPFGEVFNATRFASVYAWNRKRISNCVADYSVLYNSASFSTFKCYGVSPTKLNDLCFTNVYADSFVIRGDEVRQIAPGQTGKIADYNYKLPDDFTGCVIAWNSNNLDSKVGGNYNYLYRLFRKSNLKPFERDISTEIYQAGSTPCNGVEGFNCYFPLQSYGFQPTNGVGYQPYRVVVLSFELLHAPATVCGPKKSTNLVKNKCVNFNFNGLTGTGVLTESNKKFLPFQQFGRDIADTTDAVRDPQTLEILDITPCSFGGVSVITPGTNTSNQVAVLYQDVNCTEVPVAIHADQLTPTWRVYSTGSNVFQTRAGCLIGAEHVNNSYECDIPIGAGICASYQTQTNSPRRAR","proteinLength":"Fragment","predictedMolecularWeight":"76 kDa","actualMolecularWeight":"125 kDa","aminoAcidEnd":685,"aminoAcidStart":16,"nature":"Recombinant","expressionSystem":"CHO cells","accessionNumber":"P0DTC2","tags":[{"tag":"His","terminus":"C-Terminus"}]}]

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Properties and storage information

Shipped at conditions

Dry Ice

Appropriate short-term storage conditions

-80°C

Appropriate long-term storage conditions

-80°C

Storage information

Avoid freeze / thaw cycle

True

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Supplementary information

This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.

The SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein S1 also known as the G10 spike or glycoprotein spike plays an important role in allowing the virus to attach and enter host cells. This protein with a mass of approximately 180 kDa is located on the surface of the virus and forms the outer spikes observed in coronaviruses. Expression of the spike glycoprotein is in virus-infected cells where it facilitates the interaction with host cell receptors. The S1 subunit includes a receptor-binding domain that specifically binds to the human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors initiating the infection process.

Biological function summary

The spike glycoprotein S1 mediates the fusion of the viral and cellular membranes which is necessary for viral entry. It forms part of a larger trimeric complex comprising S1 and S2 subunits. This complex undergoes conformational changes that drive the membrane fusion process. The glycoprotein contains multiple glycosylation sites which help shield the virus from the host immune response. The proper function and presentation of this glycoprotein are critical for efficient viral spread and infection establishment.

Pathways

The spike glycoprotein S1 is integral to the viral infection pathway and host immune evasion. It interacts with the renin-angiotensin system by binding to the ACE2 receptor disrupting normal receptor activity. This interaction not only facilitates viral entry but also impacts the homeostatic functions typically mediated by ACE2 which include blood pressure regulation. Additionally the spike protein is involved in downstream activation of immune signaling pathways including those related to inflammation and cytokine production which may involve proteins such as IL-6.

Infection with the spike glycoprotein S1 is directly related to COVID-19. The binding to ACE2 receptors is linked to the pathology of the disease contributing to respiratory symptoms and in severe cases acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Through the IL-6 signaling pathway the spike protein is indirectly connected to cytokine release syndrome often observed in severe COVID-19 cases. This connection highlights the importance of targeting this glycoprotein for potential therapeutic interventions and diagnostics such as ELISA SARS-CoV-2 tests and the development of anti-spike antibodies available on platforms like antispark.com for research and clinical purposes.

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Specifications

Form

Liquid

Additional notes

Purity is lot specific. Please contact our technical Support team for details.

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General info

Function

Spike protein S1. Attaches the virion to the cell membrane by interacting with host receptor, initiating the infection. The major receptor is host ACE2 (PubMed : 32142651, PubMed : 32155444, PubMed : 33607086). When S2/S2' has been cleaved, binding to the receptor triggers direct fusion at the cell membrane (PubMed : 34561887). When S2/S2' has not been cleaved, binding to the receptor results in internalization of the virus by endocytosis using host TFRC and GRM2 and leading to fusion of the virion membrane with the host endosomal membrane (PubMed : 32075877, PubMed : 32221306, PubMed : 34903715, PubMed : 36779763). Alternatively, may use NRP1/NRP2 (PubMed : 33082294, PubMed : 33082293) and integrin as entry receptors (PubMed : 35150743). The use of NRP1/NRP2 receptors may explain the tropism of the virus in human olfactory epithelial cells, which express these molecules at high levels but ACE2 at low levels (PubMed : 33082293). Uses also ASGR1 as an alternative receptor in an ACE2-independent manner (PubMed : 34837059). The stalk domain of S contains three hinges, giving the head unexpected orientational freedom (PubMed : 32817270).. Spike protein S2. Precursor of the fusion protein processed in the biosynthesis of the S protein and the formation of virus particle. Mediates fusion of the virion and cellular membranes by functioning as a class I viral fusion protein. Contains two viral fusion peptides that are unmasked after cleavage. The S2/S2' cleavage occurs during virus entry at the cell membrane by host TMPRSS2 (PubMed : 32142651) or during endocytosis by host CSTL (PubMed : 32703818, PubMed : 34159616). In either case, this triggers an extensive and irreversible conformational change leading to fusion of the viral envelope with the cellular cytoplasmic membrane, releasing viral genomic RNA into the host cell cytoplasm (PubMed : 34561887). Under the current model, the protein has at least three conformational states : pre-fusion native state, pre-hairpin intermediate state, and post-fusion hairpin state. During fusion of the viral and target cell membranes, the coiled coil regions (heptad repeats) adopt a trimer-of-hairpins structure and position the fusion peptide in close proximity to the C-terminal region of the ectodomain. Formation of this structure appears to promote apposition and subsequent fusion of viral and target cell membranes.. Spike protein S2'. Subunit of the fusion protein that is processed upon entry into the host cell. Mediates fusion of the virion and cellular membranes by functioning as a class I viral fusion protein. Contains a viral fusion peptide that is unmasked after S2 cleavage. This cleavage can occur at the cell membrane by host TMPRSS2 or during endocytosis by host CSTL (PubMed : 32703818, PubMed : 34159616). In either case, this triggers an extensive and irreversible conformational change that leads to fusion of the viral envelope with the cellular cytoplasmic membrane, releasing viral genomic RNA into the host cell cytoplasm (PubMed : 34561887). Under the current model, the protein has at least three conformational states : pre-fusion native state, pre-hairpin intermediate state, and post-fusion hairpin state. During fusion of the viral and target cell membranes, the coiled coil regions (heptad repeats) adopt a trimer-of-hairpins structure and position the fusion peptide in close proximity to the C-terminal region of the ectodomain. Formation of this structure appears to promote apposition and subsequent fusion of viral and target cell membranes.

Sequence similarities

Belongs to the betacoronaviruses spike protein family.

Post-translational modifications

The cytoplasmic Cys-rich domain is palmitoylated. Palmitoylated spike proteins drive the formation of localized ordered cholesterol and sphingo-lipid-rich lipid nanodomains in the early Golgi, where viral budding occurs.. Specific enzymatic cleavages in vivo yield mature proteins. The precursor is processed into S1 and S2 by host furin or unknown proteases to yield the mature S1 and S2 proteins (PubMed:32155444, PubMed:32362314, PubMed:32703818, PubMed:34159616, PubMed:34561887). Processing between S2 and S2' occurs either by host CTSL in endosomes (PubMed:32221306, PubMed:33465165, PubMed:34159616), or by host TMPRSS2 at the cell surface (PubMed:32142651). Both cleavages are necessary for the protein to be fusion competent (PubMed:32703818, PubMed:34159616, PubMed:34561887). Cell surface activation allows the virus to enter the cell despite inhibition of the endosomal pathway by hydroxychloroquine (PubMed:33465165). The polybasic furin cleavage site is absent in SARS-CoV S (PubMed:32155444, PubMed:32362314, PubMed:33465165). It increases the dependence on TMPRSS2 expression by SARS-CoV-2 (PubMed:33465165). D614G substitution would enhance furin cleavage at the S1/S2 junction (PubMed:33417835).. Highly decorated by heterogeneous N-linked glycans protruding from the trimer surface (PubMed:32075877, PubMed:32155444, PubMed:32929138). Highly glycosylated by host both on S1 and S2 subunits, occluding many regions across the surface of the protein (PubMed:32363391, PubMed:32366695, PubMed:32929138). Approximately 40% of the protein surface is shielded from antibody recognition by glycans, with the notable exception of the ACE2 receptor binding domain (PubMed:32929138).. O-glycosylated by host GALNT1 at the end of S1. This could reduce the efficiency of S1/S2 cleavage.

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Publications (20)

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Scientific reports 15:20447 PubMed40594111

2025

SARS-CoV-2 infection promotes lung thrombosis by inducing integrinβ3 expression in vascular endothelial cells.

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Wataru Ito,Yuya Sakurai,Nako Maishi,Ryo Takeda,Takahito Teshirogi,Li Yu,Yasuhiro Hida,Michihito Sasaki,Yasuko Orba,Takuya Tsumita,Haruhisa Watanabe,Tadahiro Iimura,Terufumi Kubo,Shinsuke Toba,Akihiko Sato,Aya Matsuda,Daisuke Kyuno,Makoto Osanai,Yoichi Ohiro,Toshihiko Torigoe,Hirofumi Sawa,Kyoko Hida

Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) 17: PubMed39459041

2024

Inhibitory Effect of Luteolin on Spike S1 Glycoprotein-Induced Inflammation in THP-1 Cells via the ER Stress-Inducing Calcium/CHOP/MAPK Pathway.

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Sonthaya Umsumarng,Sivamoke Dissook,Punnida Arjsri,Kamonwan Srisawad,Pilaiporn Thippraphan,Apiwat Sangphukieo,Patcharawadee Thongkumkoon,Pornngarm Dejkriengkraikul

iScience 27:110387 PubMed39071889

2024

SLC38A9 regulates SARS-CoV-2 viral entry.

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Gaurav Datta,Neda Rezagholizadeh,Wendie A Hasler,Nabab Khan,Xuesong Chen

Pharmaceutics 16: PubMed38931873

2024

Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2-Induced NLRP3 Inflammasome-Mediated Lung Cell Inflammation by Triphala-Loaded Nanoparticle Targeting Spike Glycoprotein S1.

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Chuda Chittasupho,Sonthaya Umsumarng,Kamonwan Srisawad,Punnida Arjsri,Rungsinee Phongpradist,Weerasak Samee,Wipawan Tingya,Chadarat Ampasavate,Pornngarm Dejkriengkraikul

Physiological reports 11:e15900 PubMed38123162

2023

Direct activation of airway sensory C-fibers by SARS-CoV-2 S1 spike protein.

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Joyce S Kim,Fei Ru,Sonya Meeker,Bradley J Undem

Biological research 56:56 PubMed37876016

2023

SARS-CoV-2 spike protein S1 activates Cx43 hemichannels and disturbs intracellular Ca dynamics.

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Juan Prieto-Villalobos,Claudia M Lucero,Maximiliano Rovegno,Gonzalo I Gómez,Mauricio A Retamal,Juan A Orellana

ACS sensors 8:3338-3348 PubMed37610841

2023

Multiplexed Biosensing of Proteins and Virions with Disposable Plasmonic Assays.

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Stephanie Wallace,Martin Kartau,Tarun Kakkar,Chris Davis,Agnieszka Szemiel,Iliyana Samardzhieva,Swetha Vijayakrishnan,Sarah Cole,Giuditta De Lorenzo,Emmanuel Maillart,Kevin Gautier,Adrian J Lapthorn,Arvind H Patel,Nikolaj Gadegaard,Malcolm Kadodwala,Edward Hutchinson,Affar S Karimullah

Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) 16: PubMed37375809

2023

Targeting Spike Glycoprotein S1 Mediated by NLRP3 Inflammasome Machinery and the Cytokine Releases in A549 Lung Epithelial Cells by Nanocurcumin.

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Chuda Chittasupho,Kamonwan Srisawad,Punnida Arjsri,Rungsinee Phongpradist,Wipawan Tingya,Chadarat Ampasavate,Pornngarm Dejkriengkraikul

Frontiers in medicine 9:1072056 PubMed36698809

2023

Luteolin-rich fraction from seed meal inhibits spike glycoprotein S1 of SARS-CoV-2-induced NLRP3 inflammasome lung cell inflammation regulation of JAK1/STAT3 pathway: A potential anti-inflammatory compound against inflammation-induced long-COVID.

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Sivamoke Dissook,Sonthaya Umsumarng,Sariya Mapoung,Warathit Semmarath,Punnida Arjsri,Kamonwan Srisawad,Pornngarm Dejkriengkraikul

ACS applied materials & interfaces 14:54527-54538 PubMed36454041

2022

Colorimetric Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Using Plasmonic Biosensors and Smartphones.

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Elsa M Materón,Faustino R Gómez,Mariana B Almeida,Flavio M Shimizu,Ademar Wong,Kelcilene B R Teodoro,Filipe S R Silva,Manoel J A Lima,Monara Kaelle S C Angelim,Matias E Melendez,Nelson Porras,Pedro M Vieira,Daniel S Correa,Emanuel Carrilho,Osvaldo N Oliveira,Ricardo B Azevedo,Débora Goncalves

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Recombinant human coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein S1 (Active)

Indirect ELISA - Recombinant human coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein S1 (Active) (AB273068)

Indirect ELISA - Recombinant human coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein S1 (Active) (AB273068)

Functional Studies - Recombinant human coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein S1 (Active) (AB273068)

Western blot - Recombinant human coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein S1 (Active) (AB273068)

Western blot - Recombinant human coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein S1 (Active) (AB273068)

Western blot - Recombinant human coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein S1 (Active) (AB273068)

Western blot - Recombinant human coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein S1 (Active) (AB273068)

Western blot - Recombinant human coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein S1 (Active) (AB273068)

Western blot - Recombinant human coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein S1 (Active) (AB273068)

Western blot - Recombinant human coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein S1 (Active) (AB273068)

Western blot - Recombinant human coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein S1 (Active) (AB273068)

SDS-PAGE - Recombinant human coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein S1 (Active) (AB273068)

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