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Recombinant human coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein S1 (Active) is a SARS-CoV-2 Fragment protein, in the 16 to 685 aa range, expressed in CHO, with >90% purity and suitable for SDS-PAGE, FuncS, I-ELISA.

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Images

Western blot - Recombinant human coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein S1 (Active) (AB273068), expandable thumbnail
  • Indirect ELISA - Recombinant human coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein S1 (Active) (AB273068), expandable thumbnail
  • Indirect ELISA - Recombinant human coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein S1 (Active) (AB273068), expandable thumbnail
  • Functional Studies - Recombinant human coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein S1 (Active) (AB273068), expandable thumbnail
  • Western blot - Recombinant human coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein S1 (Active) (AB273068), expandable thumbnail

Publications

Key facts

Purity
>90% SDS-PAGE
Expression system
CHO cells
Tags
His tag C-Terminus
Applications
SDS-PAGE, FuncS, I-ELISA
Biologically active
Yes

Amino acid sequence

V N L T T R T Q L P P A Y T N S F T R G V Y Y P D K V F R S S V L H S T Q D L F L P F F S N V T W F H A I H V S G T N G T K R F D N P V L P F N D G V Y F A S T E K S N I I R G W I F G T T L D S K T Q S L L I V N N A T N V V I K V C E F Q F C N D P F L G V Y Y H K N N K S W M E S E F R V Y S S A N N C T F E Y V S Q P F L M D L E G K Q G N F K N L R E F V F K N I D G Y F K I Y S K H T P I N L V R D L P Q G F S A L E P L V D L P I G I N I T R F Q T L L A L H R S Y L T P G D S S S G W T A G A A A Y Y V G Y L Q P R T F L L K Y N E N G T I T D A V D C A L D P L S E T K C T L K S F T V E K G I Y Q T S N F R V Q P T E S I V R F P N I T N L C P F G E V F N A T R F A S V Y A W N R K R I S N C V A D Y S V L Y N S A S F S T F K C Y G V S P T K L N D L C F T N V Y A D S F V I R G D E V R Q I A P G Q T G K I A D Y N Y K L P D D F T G C V I A W N S N N L D S K V G G N Y N Y L Y R L F R K S N L K P F E R D I S T E I Y Q A G S T P C N G V E G F N C Y F P L Q S Y G F Q P T N G V G Y Q P Y R V V V L S F E L L H A P A T V C G P K K S T N L V K N K C V N F N F N G L T G T G V L T E S N K K F L P F Q Q F G R D I A D T T D A V R D P Q T L E I L D I T P C S F G G V S V I T P G T N T S N Q V A V L Y Q D V N C T E V P V A I H A D Q L T P T W R V Y S T G S N V F Q T R A G C L I G A E H V N N S Y E C D I P I G A G I C A S Y Q T Q T N S P R R A R

Reactivity data

Application
SDS-PAGE
Reactivity
Reacts
Dilution info
-
Notes

-

Application
FuncS
Reactivity
Reacts
Dilution info
-
Notes

-

Application
I-ELISA
Reactivity
Reacts
Dilution info
-
Notes

-

Target data

Function

Spike protein S1. Attaches the virion to the cell membrane by interacting with host receptor, initiating the infection. The major receptor is host ACE2 (PubMed:32142651, PubMed:32155444, PubMed:33607086). When S2/S2' has been cleaved, binding to the receptor triggers direct fusion at the cell membrane (PubMed:34561887). When S2/S2' has not been cleaved, binding to the receptor results in internalization of the virus by endocytosis leading to fusion of the virion membrane with the host endosomal membrane (PubMed:32075877, PubMed:32221306). Alternatively, may use NRP1/NRP2 (PubMed:33082294, PubMed:33082293) and integrin as entry receptors (PubMed:35150743). The use of NRP1/NRP2 receptors may explain the tropism of the virus in human olfactory epithelial cells, which express these molecules at high levels but ACE2 at low levels (PubMed:33082293). The stalk domain of S contains three hinges, giving the head unexpected orientational freedom (PubMed:32817270). Spike protein S2. Precursor of the fusion protein processed in the biosynthesis of the S protein and the formation of virus particle. Mediates fusion of the virion and cellular membranes by functioning as a class I viral fusion protein. Contains two viral fusion peptides that are unmasked after cleavage. The S2/S2' cleavage occurs during virus entry at the cell membrane by host TMPRSS2 (PubMed:32142651) or during endocytosis by host CSTL (PubMed:32703818, PubMed:34159616). In either case, this triggers an extensive and irreversible conformational change leading to fusion of the viral envelope with the cellular cytoplasmic membrane, releasing viral genomic RNA into the host cell cytoplasm (PubMed:34561887). Under the current model, the protein has at least three conformational states: pre-fusion native state, pre-hairpin intermediate state, and post-fusion hairpin state. During fusion of the viral and target cell membranes, the coiled coil regions (heptad repeats) adopt a trimer-of-hairpins structure and position the fusion peptide in close proximity to the C-terminal region of the ectodomain. Formation of this structure appears to promote apposition and subsequent fusion of viral and target cell membranes. Spike protein S2'. Subunit of the fusion protein that is processed upon entry into the host cell. Mediates fusion of the virion and cellular membranes by functioning as a class I viral fusion protein. Contains a viral fusion peptide that is unmasked after S2 cleavage. This cleavage can occur at the cell membrane by host TMPRSS2 or during endocytosis by host CSTL (PubMed:32703818, PubMed:34159616). In either case, this triggers an extensive and irreversible conformational change that leads to fusion of the viral envelope with the cellular cytoplasmic membrane, releasing viral genomic RNA into the host cell cytoplasm (PubMed:34561887). Under the current model, the protein has at least three conformational states: pre-fusion native state, pre-hairpin intermediate state, and post-fusion hairpin state. During fusion of the viral and target cell membranes, the coiled coil regions (heptad repeats) adopt a trimer-of-hairpins structure and position the fusion peptide in close proximity to the C-terminal region of the ectodomain. Formation of this structure appears to promote apposition and subsequent fusion of viral and target cell membranes.

Additional Targets

SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein S1

Alternative names

2, S, Spike glycoprotein, S glycoprotein, E2, Peplomer protein

Recommended products

Recombinant human coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein S1 (Active) is a SARS-CoV-2 Fragment protein, in the 16 to 685 aa range, expressed in CHO, with >90% purity and suitable for SDS-PAGE, FuncS, I-ELISA.

Key facts

Purity
>90% SDS-PAGE
Expression system
CHO cells
Applications
SDS-PAGE, FuncS, I-ELISA
Biological activity
Flow cytometry assay showing ab273068 can bind to ACE2 overexpressing cells. ACE2 overexpressing cells were stained with ab273068, followed by an anti-spike protein antibody, and a fluorescence-conjugated secondary antibody.
Accession
P0DTC2-1
Animal free
No
Species
SARS-CoV-2
Concentration
Loading...
Storage buffer

pH: 7.5
Preservative: 1.02% Imidazole
Constituents: 1.74% Sodium chloride, 0.82% Sodium phosphate

Sequence info

Amino acid sequence

V N L T T R T Q L P P A Y T N S F T R G V Y Y P D K V F R S S V L H S T Q D L F L P F F S N V T W F H A I H V S G T N G T K R F D N P V L P F N D G V Y F A S T E K S N I I R G W I F G T T L D S K T Q S L L I V N N A T N V V I K V C E F Q F C N D P F L G V Y Y H K N N K S W M E S E F R V Y S S A N N C T F E Y V S Q P F L M D L E G K Q G N F K N L R E F V F K N I D G Y F K I Y S K H T P I N L V R D L P Q G F S A L E P L V D L P I G I N I T R F Q T L L A L H R S Y L T P G D S S S G W T A G A A A Y Y V G Y L Q P R T F L L K Y N E N G T I T D A V D C A L D P L S E T K C T L K S F T V E K G I Y Q T S N F R V Q P T E S I V R F P N I T N L C P F G E V F N A T R F A S V Y A W N R K R I S N C V A D Y S V L Y N S A S F S T F K C Y G V S P T K L N D L C F T N V Y A D S F V I R G D E V R Q I A P G Q T G K I A D Y N Y K L P D D F T G C V I A W N S N N L D S K V G G N Y N Y L Y R L F R K S N L K P F E R D I S T E I Y Q A G S T P C N G V E G F N C Y F P L Q S Y G F Q P T N G V G Y Q P Y R V V V L S F E L L H A P A T V C G P K K S T N L V K N K C V N F N F N G L T G T G V L T E S N K K F L P F Q Q F G R D I A D T T D A V R D P Q T L E I L D I T P C S F G G V S V I T P G T N T S N Q V A V L Y Q D V N C T E V P V A I H A D Q L T P T W R V Y S T G S N V F Q T R A G C L I G A E H V N N S Y E C D I P I G A G I C A S Y Q T Q T N S P R R A R
Accession
Protein length
Fragment
Predicted molecular weight
76 kDa
Amino acids
16 to 685
Nature
Recombinant
Tags
His tag C-Terminus

Specifications

Form
Liquid
Additional notes

Purity is lot specific. Please contact our technical Support team for details.

General info

Function

Spike protein S1

Sequence similarities

Belongs to the betacoronaviruses spike protein family.

Post-translational modifications

The cytoplasmic Cys-rich domain is palmitoylated. Palmitoylated spike proteins drive the formation of localized ordered cholesterol and sphingo-lipid-rich lipid nanodomains in the early Golgi, where viral budding occurs.

Storage

Shipped at conditions
Dry Ice
Appropriate short-term storage conditions
-80°C
Appropriate long-term storage conditions
-80°C
Storage information
Avoid freeze / thaw cycle

This product is an active protein and may elicit a biological response in vivo, handle with caution.

Supplementary info

This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.
Activity summary

The SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein S1 also known as the G10 spike or glycoprotein spike plays an important role in allowing the virus to attach and enter host cells. This protein with a mass of approximately 180 kDa is located on the surface of the virus and forms the outer spikes observed in coronaviruses. Expression of the spike glycoprotein is in virus-infected cells where it facilitates the interaction with host cell receptors. The S1 subunit includes a receptor-binding domain that specifically binds to the human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors initiating the infection process.

Biological function summary

The spike glycoprotein S1 mediates the fusion of the viral and cellular membranes which is necessary for viral entry. It forms part of a larger trimeric complex comprising S1 and S2 subunits. This complex undergoes conformational changes that drive the membrane fusion process. The glycoprotein contains multiple glycosylation sites which help shield the virus from the host immune response. The proper function and presentation of this glycoprotein are critical for efficient viral spread and infection establishment.

Pathways

The spike glycoprotein S1 is integral to the viral infection pathway and host immune evasion. It interacts with the renin-angiotensin system by binding to the ACE2 receptor disrupting normal receptor activity. This interaction not only facilitates viral entry but also impacts the homeostatic functions typically mediated by ACE2 which include blood pressure regulation. Additionally the spike protein is involved in downstream activation of immune signaling pathways including those related to inflammation and cytokine production which may involve proteins such as IL-6.

Associated diseases and disorders

Infection with the spike glycoprotein S1 is directly related to COVID-19. The binding to ACE2 receptors is linked to the pathology of the disease contributing to respiratory symptoms and in severe cases acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Through the IL-6 signaling pathway the spike protein is indirectly connected to cytokine release syndrome often observed in severe COVID-19 cases. This connection highlights the importance of targeting this glycoprotein for potential therapeutic interventions and diagnostics such as ELISA SARS-CoV-2 tests and the development of anti-spike antibodies available on platforms like antispark.com for research and clinical purposes.

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