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Recombinant Human coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 Spike RBD (mutated L452R + E484Q) protein (Tagged) is a SARS-CoV-2 Fragment protein, in the 319 to 541 aa range, expressed in HEK 293, with >95% purity, < 1 EU/µg endotoxin level and suitable for SDS-PAGE.

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SDS-PAGE - Recombinant Human coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 Spike RBD (mutated L452R + E484Q) protein (Tagged) (AB289623), expandable thumbnail

Key facts

Purity

>95% SDS-PAGE

Endotoxin level

< 1 EU/µg

Expression system

HEK 293 cells

Tags

Fc tag C-Terminus

Applications

SDS-PAGE

Biologically active

No

Reactivity data

Application

SDS-PAGE

Reactivity

Reacts

Dilution info

-

Notes

-

Target data

Function

Spike protein S1Attaches the virion to the cell membrane by interacting with host receptor, initiating the infection. The major receptor is host ACE2 (PubMed:32142651, PubMed:33607086, PubMed:32155444). When S2/S2' has been cleaved, binding to the receptor triggers direct fusion at the cell membrane (PubMed:34561887). When S2/S2' has not been cleaved, binding to the receptor results in internalization of the virus by endocytosis leading to fusion of the virion membrane with the host endosomal membrane (PubMed:32221306, PubMed:32075877). Alternatively, may use NRP1/NRP2 (PubMed:33082294, PubMed:33082293) and integrin as entry receptors (PubMed:35150743). The use of NRP1/NRP2 receptors may explain the tropism of the virus in human olfactory epithelial cells, which express these molecules at high levels but ACE2 at low levels (PubMed:33082293). The stalk domain of S contains three hinges, giving the head unexpected orientational freedom (PubMed:32817270).Spike protein S2Precursor of the fusion protein processed in the biosynthesis of the S protein and the formation of virus particle. Mediates fusion of the virion and cellular membranes by functioning as a class I viral fusion protein. Contains two viral fusion peptides that are unmasked after cleavage. The S2/S2' cleavage occurs during virus entry at the cell membrane by host TMPRSS2 (PubMed:32142651) or during endocytosis by host CSTL (PubMed:32703818, PubMed:34159616). In either case, this triggers an extensive and irreversible conformational change leading to fusion of the viral envelope with the cellular cytoplasmic membrane, releasing viral genomic RNA into the host cell cytoplasm (PubMed:34561887). Under the current model, the protein has at least three conformational states: pre-fusion native state, pre-hairpin intermediate state, and post-fusion hairpin state. During fusion of the viral and target cell membranes, the coiled coil regions (heptad repeats) adopt a trimer-of-hairpins structure and position the fusion peptide in close proximity to the C-terminal region of the ectodomain. Formation of this structure appears to promote apposition and subsequent fusion of viral and target cell membranes.Spike protein S2'Subunit of the fusion protein that is processed upon entry into the host cell. Mediates fusion of the virion and cellular membranes by functioning as a class I viral fusion protein. Contains a viral fusion peptide that is unmasked after S2 cleavage. This cleavage can occur at the cell membrane by host TMPRSS2 or during endocytosis by host CSTL (PubMed:32703818, PubMed:34159616). In either case, this triggers an extensive and irreversible conformational change that leads to fusion of the viral envelope with the cellular cytoplasmic membrane, releasing viral genomic RNA into the host cell cytoplasm (PubMed:34561887). Under the current model, the protein has at least three conformational states: pre-fusion native state, pre-hairpin intermediate state, and post-fusion hairpin state. During fusion of the viral and target cell membranes, the coiled coil regions (heptad repeats) adopt a trimer-of-hairpins structure and position the fusion peptide in close proximity to the C-terminal region of the ectodomain. Formation of this structure appears to promote apposition and subsequent fusion of viral and target cell membranes.

Alternative names

Recommended products

Recombinant Human coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 Spike RBD (mutated L452R + E484Q) protein (Tagged) is a SARS-CoV-2 Fragment protein, in the 319 to 541 aa range, expressed in HEK 293, with >95% purity, < 1 EU/µg endotoxin level and suitable for SDS-PAGE.

Alternative names

Key facts

Purity

>95% SDS-PAGE

Endotoxin level

< 1 EU/µg

Expression system

HEK 293 cells

Applications

SDS-PAGE

Accession
P0DTC2-1
Animal free

No

Species

SARS-CoV-2

Concentration
Loading...
Storage buffer

pH: 7.4
Constituents: 89% PBS, 5% Trehalose, 5% Mannitol, 0.01% Tween 80

Sequence info

Amino acid sequence

Accession

P0DTC2

Protein length

Fragment

Predicted molecular weight

51.9 kDa

Amino acids

319 to 541

Nature

Recombinant

Tags

Fc tag C-Terminus

Specifications

Form

Lyophilized

General info

Function

Spike protein S1

Sequence similarities

Belongs to the betacoronaviruses spike protein family.

Post-translational modifications

The cytoplasmic Cys-rich domain is palmitoylated. Palmitoylated spike proteins drive the formation of localized ordered cholesterol and sphingo-lipid-rich lipid nanodomains in the early Golgi, where viral budding occurs.

Storage

Shipped at conditions

Ambient - Can Ship with Ice

Appropriate long-term storage conditions

-20°C

Aliquoting information

Upon delivery aliquot

Storage information

Avoid freeze / thaw cycle

Notes

The mutations were identified in the SARS-CoV-2 variant (known as variant B.1.617, B.1.617.1 or B.1.617.3) which emerged in the India.

Supplementary info

This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.

Activity summary

The SARS-CoV-2 Spike RBD also known commonly as the Receptor Binding Domain of the spike protein plays an important role in viral entry into host cells. This domain has a mass of approximately 21 kDa. It is located on the surface of the virus and facilitates binding to the host cell receptor primarily ACE2 which permits viral entry and replication. The Spike RBD is also a target for neutralizing antibodies which are essential in immune response against the virus. The domain displays various mutations particularly in variants of concern such as Omicron which can affect binding efficiency and immune evasion.

Biological function summary

The SARS-CoV-2 Spike RBD interacts directly with the host ACE2 receptor to mediate entry of the virus into host cells. This interaction is necessary for the virus to fuse with the host cell membrane which allows viral RNA to enter the host cell and begin replication. The Spike protein of which the RBD is a part forms a trimeric complex on the virus surface that is important for host interaction. Variations in the Spike RBD such as mutations like Arg319-Phe541 have significant impacts on the binding affinity to ACE2 and the effectiveness of vaccine-elicited antibodies.

Pathways

The Spike RBD of SARS-CoV-2 is vital in the entry pathway of the virus into the host cell. It is prominently involved in the ACE2-mediated signaling pathway with ACE2 playing the key role as the cellular receptor. This pathway is integral to the pathogenesis of COVID-19. Additionally the presence of the virus in host cells can trigger inflammatory pathways via infection-induced signaling cascades which can lead to exacerbated immune responses.

Associated diseases and disorders

The SARS-CoV-2 Spike RBD is inherently linked to COVID-19 pathogenesis. Variants such as Omicron have alterations within the RBD that may confer increased transmissibility and resistance to neutralizing antibodies. These mutations can influence disease severity and vaccine effectiveness. The interaction between the Spike RBD and ACE2 receptor underlies the symptomatic manifestations of COVID-19 including respiratory distress and systemic inflammation. The emergence of RBD-targeted therapeutics and vaccines addresses its critical role in infection aiming to block the binding and prevent disease progression.

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1 product image

  • SDS-PAGE - Recombinant Human coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 Spike RBD (mutated L452R + E484Q) protein (Tagged) (ab289623), expandable thumbnail

    SDS-PAGE - Recombinant Human coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 Spike RBD (mutated L452R + E484Q) protein (Tagged) (ab289623)

    SDS PAGE analysis of ab289623

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