Recombinant Human DIRAS1 protein

Supplementary information

This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.

DIRAS1 also known as DIRAS family GTPase 1 is a small GTPase with a molecular weight of approximately 22 kDa. It is a member of the Ras superfamily known for its role in cell signaling and growth regulation. DIRAS1 is ubiquitously expressed in various tissues with notable expression in the brain heart and kidney suggesting its involvement in essential cellular processes. Structurally DIRAS1 is similar to other Ras-like GTPases comprising a highly conserved G-domain which facilitates its function in GTP binding and hydrolysis.

Biological function summary

DIRAS1 is involved in cellular proliferation and migration playing a significant role in maintaining cellular architecture and signal transduction. DIRAS1 is not typically part of a large protein complex but interacts with various effector proteins that modulate its activity. Its function in controlling cell growth suggests that it may act as a tumor suppressor in certain tissues. Furthermore its interaction with the cytoskeleton highlights its importance in cellular movement and organization.

Pathways

DIRAS1 takes part in significant cellular signaling pathways including the MAPK/ERK and PI3K/AKT pathways. These pathways are vital for cell growth survival and differentiation. DIRAS1 modulates these pathways by interacting with key proteins such as RAF1 and Akt influencing their downstream signaling. By regulating these pathways DIRAS1 contributes to a balance between cellular proliferation and apoptosis thereby playing a critical role in maintaining cellular homeostasis.

Alterations in DIRAS1 expression or function have associations with various cancers including glioblastoma and colorectal cancer. DIRAS1's potential tumor-suppressive function suggests that its downregulation may contribute to tumorigenesis. The loss of its regulatory control on the MAPK/ERK pathway results in unchecked cellular proliferation. Additionally in glioblastoma DIRAS1 may interact with altered p53 protein levels highlighting a link between DIRAS1 dysfunction and cancerous growth. Researchers are exploring DIRAS1's potential as a target for therapeutic intervention given its prominent role in disease progression.