Recombinant Human EN2 protein

Supplementary information

This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.

The protein Engrailed-2 often called EN2 functions mechanically as a homeobox-containing transcription factor. Its molecular weight is approximately 30 kDa. EN2 controls gene expression by binding to specific DNA sequences influencing the development of various tissues. This protein predominantly expresses in the central nervous system especially in the mid-hindbrain regions during embryonic development. It also maintains expression in some regions of the adult brain.

Biological function summary

Engrailed-2 plays a significant role in neuronal development and differentiation. It is not a part of a larger complex but acts as a standalone transcription factor to influence the fate of neural progenitor cells. EN2 ensures proper brain patterning and connectivity by regulating genes involved in axon guidance and cell cycle progression. Its expression culminates in the precise formation of neural circuits highlighting its indispensability in neurodevelopment.

Pathways

Engrailed-2 integrates into the Wnt signaling and Sonic Hedgehog pathways which regulate cell differentiation and tissue patterning. In the Wnt pathway EN2 interacts with other homeobox genes to control expression necessary for midbrain development. Through these pathways it shares functional connections with proteins such as Wnt1 and Shh both essential for various stages of embryogenesis and maintaining neuronal homeostasis.

Engrailed-2 associates most strongly with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and certain types of cancers. Studies link altered EN2 expression and dysfunction to neurodevelopmental anomalies seen in ASD likely due to its critical role in neural patterning. In cancer aberrant EN2 expression levels are noted in prostate cancer with EN2 potentially acting as a diagnostic marker. These dysfunctions implicate EN2 alongside other related proteins like Pax2 in cellular transformation and abnormal growth processes.