Recombinant Human FSH beta protein

Supplementary information

This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.

The FSH beta subunit known as hFSH or beta FSH is a part of the follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) which plays a critical role in reproductive processes. The FSH protein consists of two subunits alpha and beta where the beta subunit is responsible for its biological specificity and binding activity. The genes encoding these subunits are mapped on different chromosomes. The FSH beta gene is expressed mainly in the pituitary gland and produces a protein with a molecular mass around 22 kDa. Its expression can vary depending on the physiological needs of the body such as during different phases of the menstrual cycle.

Biological function summary

The hormone FSH stimulates ovarian follicle growth in females and spermatogenesis in males. It acts as part of a larger heterodimeric complex with the alpha subunit. The interactions of these subunits are essential for the function of FSH enabling it to bind to specific cell surface receptors present on target tissues like the gonads. This binding triggers intracellular signaling cascades that facilitate reproductive maturation and function. The intricate behavior of FSH highlights its role in fertility and reproductive health.

Pathways

FSH beta subunit contributes critically to the reproductive hormone signaling and MAPK pathways. It interacts with other reproductive hormones such as luteinizing hormone (LH) to regulate reproductive processes. Upon binding to its receptor FSH activates pathways involving cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) that mediate ovarian and testicular function. These interactions highlight the role of FSH in coordinating with other proteins to maintain reproductive health and hormonal balance.

FSH plays an important role in conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and hypogonadism. Altered levels of FSH can lead to abnormal reproductive functions infertility and irregular menstrual cycles. Its interaction with proteins such as inhibin and activin affects its secretion and action. Therapies targeting FSH levels or its signaling pathways can be pivotal in managing these reproductive disorders highlighting its clinical significance.