Recombinant Human GITR protein (Fc Chimera)

Supplementary information

This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.

GITR also known as TNFRSF18 is a 241 amino acid protein with a mass of approximately 27 kDa. It belongs to the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily. GITR is highly expressed on activated T cells and regulatory T cells (Tregs). The gene encoding GITR is located on chromosome 1 in humans. High surface expression is also observed in immune tissues such as the thymus spleen and lymph nodes playing an important role in immune responses.

Biological function summary

GITR acts as a costimulatory molecule that enhances T cell activation and proliferation. It does not function as part of a complex but interacts directly with ligand GITRL triggering downstream signaling cascades. This interaction is key in the modulation of immune responses notably in enhancing the activity of effector T cells and regulating Treg functions. Activation of GITR can reduce Treg-mediated suppression leading to enhanced immune responses.

Pathways

The mechanistic role of GITR involves NF-kB and MAPK signaling pathways. Through these GITR impacts immune responses by stimulating the production of cytokines and promoting cell survival and proliferation. GITR signaling intersects with pathways involving proteins such as NF-kB further integrating with the immune system's regulation crescendo.

GITR appears to play a role in autoimmune conditions like rheumatoid arthritis and potential cancer immunotherapy. In autoimmune diseases GITR modulates immune activity influencing the balance between inhibition and activation of T cells. In oncology GITR targeting aims to enhance immune responses against tumors. Through these conditions GITR shows connections to proteins such as CTLA-4 which also contributes to immune regulatory processes.